In the OTL, during WW1 in 1918, July 19th, HMS Furious in her Original configuration with fly-off deck forward and a landingdeck aft, but still fitted with her centerline superstructure, attacked the Zeppelinsheds at Tondern, Germany. In cooperation other makeshift aircraft carrying ships joined her, but HMS Furious was the only vessel capable of retrieving wheeled aircraft on her own. (The others used seaplanes)
In theory, she could have encountered the German converted armored cruiser Friedrich Carl, which carried two seaplanes, making her technically an aircraft carrier too. Simmilarly the light cruiser Stuttgart, also a converted ship with four planes, could be added around this time, depending on whether she was fully commissioned, or not.
A proposal to convert the liner Ausonia into a full aircraft carrier was also underway, buit not completed by this time. This ship had many simmilarities with the HMS Argus, being a full lenght flightdeck equipped ship with an under the flightdeck situated hangar, accesable by an elevator.
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This would be interesting, but I imagine the OP means "ships launching and retrieving wheeled aircraft". The German navy certainly had the capability to develop true aircraft carriers in the Glorious mold, but they were so wedded to zeppelin airships as their chief means of aerial scouting that it would take a change in German naval aviation priorities to make that happen. I started a rather fanciful TL a while back based on this premise:
https://www.alternatehistory.com/discussion/showthread.php?t=146701