If we assume entirely mechanical sound recording--that is, the same thing that Edison came up with in OTL--I don't see why it couldn't have been done as early as the late 18th century. By then, instrument makers were working in close tolerances for making chronometers, sextants, and other navigational tools; Eli Whitney was set to pioneer interchangeable parts in the 1790s. Given a reasonable supply of brass and wax, and I don't see how it would not be possible, given reasonable inspiration to some mechanical visionary--indeed, perhaps Whitney himself. Imagine a wax cylinder of George Washington's farewell address from 1796, or one of Lincoln's Gettysburg Address...