Basically, the Ottoman Empire wins the seige of Vienna in 1683, then expands across Europe before being defeated by the Coalition of the Free World at the end of WWII in 1961.
It's always frustrating when you simply can't DO thing you want to do with an AH. That said I realized your timeline has become "Resistance: Fall of Europe" which is pretty cool but definitely ASB.
I'm not the Ottoman expert around here but I have read a lot about them being rather a fan. I think what could get you about as far as you can realistically would be two main PODs: Fazil Ahmed lives, and the rains in 1683 are not nearly as heavy as they were.
This would mean that the Ottomans can bring up heavier guns to actually make it through the walls quicker (IIRC they had
just broken through when Sobieski and the other allies showed up) and have a better general in command. I think without that or some odd tech advances there is no way the Ottomans can win the battle. If they do win the battle, then I'd say your province of Galicia is possible in some form and maybe their Ukrainian allies can sieze everything west of the Dnieper. I do think a total defeat for Sobieski would probably result in a partition of Poland of some sort, it would also likely butterfly away Leelee Sobieski.
Assuming they can hold Vienna, they might be able to vassal the eastern half of your Austria the southern parts of what you call Silesia and up to the Istrian peninsula. Who knows, maybe they'll even be able to conquer Ragusa outright. Maybe with Austria weakened, they'll even have a go at S. Italy but it doesn't matter how weak the survivors in the HRE are, they are not going to all fall to the Ottomans. Other countries like Denmark, Sweden and Russia are going to move in on them if they really are weakened enough and it's possible that without Austria, Bavaria takes over as the leading state as I know they fought with Austria after Vienna, and were led by a guy who was a pretty decent general, Maximilian II, so it's not like there will be no decent opposition.
But without some ASBs, I think that's about as far as you can go with the Ottomans. Remember even in the 1700s the Ottoman authority over the Arab provinces was less than absolute. I can't image it would be easier for them in Europe.
As for why no Iran that I can deal with in a little more confidence, in a word: Mountains! In two words: Hostile Mountains! First you have restless Armenians that make it hard to hold down the east, second the troops always always ALWAYS hated having to march around mountains in the freezing cold for god knows how many months. Keeping morale up and mutiny down was always a resource-eating task. Also Iran was pretty strong. So a combination of the terrain making it hard to project power, making the soldiers grumble, and a strong opponent as well as religious differences means it would be like pulling teeth to conquer western Iran.