Here's a historical map, circa 1600s, of the Southeast Asia version of Altera, so Sumatrea and nothern Tamirea.
For a larger image, see the Deviantart.
The Nine Mandalas at their Height c. 1600 - The Political Leagues of Sumatrea and Tamirea Prior to Company Rule.
Nine Mandalas. At the turn of the 17th century, nine political entities rule much of the oceanic continent now called Gandrasea. Within Gandrasea, these political entities spanned across the region of Sumatrea and the northern half of Tamirea, effectively controlling the production source of some of the most sought after spices and commodities before the rise of European dominance and Company Rule in the region. Portuguese presence is marginal, the Spanish are unable to break into the monopoly despite their recent capture of the northern Miniras, and the Flemish East Indea Company is still in its exploratory stage in mapping the furthest reaches of the region, all the while the British bide their time.
Rings of powers. Mandalas are a way of referring to political leagues or blocs in which power radiated from maritime-based city-states. Unlike formal empires, mandala rule was based on large degrees of local autonomy, balanced cultural hegemony from the core city-state. But they were also more than military alliances, and tributes and regional tariffs and trade policies were the norm.
Indean origins. This form of political relation stems from contact and cultural diffusion from nearby Indea. In fact, it was the Chola invasions and explorations of much of Sumatrea and northern Tamirea that led to the establishment of such a dense and complex network of regional trade. Indean exploration of the eastern Emporic followed whiffs of cloves, nutmeg, and sandalwood, leading them to go beyond the spice-adorned isles of the Malukus all the way to Tamirea and its vast interior Chandara Sea, as well as beyond the ocean to a new frontier marked by the Rovianas and Solomas.
Cultural legacies. Despite Flemish dominance in much of the region in the 18th century and eventual British takeover in the 19th century, much of the territorial and cultural divisions of the former mandalas remained largely static, even when they were grouped into colonial presidencies with new political centres or cores. A lasting legacy from the Mandala Period, for example, is that religious patterns of Hindu and Muslim sects, as well as literary traditions, can all be explained from the cultural connections made during tis period. Foodways and agricultural techniques also spread during the period. Hardy staple crops were brought over to Indea from the drought-prone areas of Dinataga and Irini, and in exchange, advanced irrigation techniques from Rajputana made it over to much of Tamirea.
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