NO
The Japanese surrender was caused by the fact that their battle strategy revolved around focusing defensive efforts against the US to bring them to the negotiation table. Once the USSR declared war and invaded, all options to resist the Americans and use the Soviets as neutral ground went up in smoke, resulting in the war ending soon afterwards.
The nuclear weapons had very little influence on the matter of the timing of the Japanese surrender, therefore, unless the Soviets were able to invaded Japan proper in a matter of days after their declaration of war, a communist state being carved out of Japan is out of the question.