WW1 still happens somewhat similar to OTL, but without diving too much into details, Austria-Hungary remains completely intact following the war.

Based on hindsight and on pre-war trends, how could the demographics of Austria-Hungary look like by the early 21th century? How big could the population of both Cisleithania and Transleithania get? Also, the question I'm most interested in, which cities would be the largest within the overall Monarchy? How large would they be? How would a Top 10 or even Top 20 look like?

What do you think?
 
German is probably pretty spoken language altough hardly still majority. Bohemia might be heavely German speaking but even there might be still notable Czech speaking population. But language situation pretty much too depends about internal policy of the empire.

Catholism would be majority religion. Next biggest would be Judaism. When there is not WW2 A-H would has one of biggest population in Europe. Probably only Germany and Russia would have even bigger.
 
German is probably pretty spoken language altough hardly still majority.
As a secondary language, I believe quite a few people would speak it.
Bohemia might be heavely German speaking but even there might be still notable Czech speaking population.
Wasn't the trend quite the opposite? Cities and towns were slowly losing their German characteristics, which largely contributed to the Bohemian Germans' fierce protest against the official usage of the Czech language.
But language situation pretty much too depends about internal policy of the empire.
That's true. For that reason I don't even want to talk about that that much. Overall numbers and urban development interests me more.
Catholism would be majority religion.
There's no doubt about that.
Next biggest would be Judaism.
Now that's quite unlikely, imo. There were 2,25 million Israelites within A-H in 1910. At the same time, Eastern Catholics, Orthodoxes and Calvinists numbered 5,45; 4,48 and 2,77 million each respectively. Israelites might outgrow Calvinists, but I don't think the same could be true for the other two mentioned denominations.
When there is not WW2 A-H would has one of biggest population in Europe. Probably only Germany and Russia would have even bigger.
Well, that was already true in 1910 and prior.
 
What do you think, which of these cities would be larger? Which would be smaller? Are there cities not on the list, which could also grow quite large(>150k)?
City namePop.(1910)Pop.(OTL ~2019)
Wien(Vienna) 2 031 498 1 840 573
Budapest 1 232 026 1 735 711
Prag(Praha/Prague) 668 000 1 301 132
Triest(Trieste) 229 510 204 420
Lemberg(Lvov/Lviv) 206 113 728 545
Krakau(Kraków) 151 886 762 508
Graz 151 781 328 276
Brünn(Brno) 125 737 377 028
Szeged(Szegedin) 118 328 170 285
Szabadka(Subotica) 94 610 105 681
Debrecen(Debrezin) 92 729 208 016
Czernowitz(Chernivtsi) 87 128 242 300
Pilsen(Plzeň) 80 343 169 858
Agram(Zagreb) 79 038 688 163
Pozsony(Pressburg/Bratislava) 78 223 425 167
Temesvár(Temeschwar/)Timişoara 72 555 319 279
Linz 67 817 200 841
Innsbruck 65 221 132 493
Nagyvárad(Oradea) 64 169 196 367
Stanislau(Stanislaw) 64 000 236 602
Arad 63 166 159 074
Kolozsvár(Cluj Napoca) 60 808 324 576
Pola(Pula) 59 498 57 053
Salzburg 56 423 153 377
Újpest (part of modern Budapest) 55 197 100 694
Karlsbad(Karlovy Vary) 52 808 48 479
Kecskemét 52 270 110 687
Sarajevo 51 919 275 524
Miskolc 51 459 157 177
Teplitz(Teplice) 50 896 49 731
Pécs(Fünfkirchen) 49 852 145 347
Fiume(Rijeka) 49 806 128 624
Kladen(Kladno) 49 668 69 337
Brüx(Most) 48 621 66 034
Tetschen(Děčín) 48 148 48 594
Klagenfurt 45 161 100 316
Budweis(České Budějovice) 44 538 94 014
Győr(Raab) 44 300 129 301
Kassa(Kaschau/Košice) 44 200 238 593
Békéscsaba 42 599 58 996
Laibach(Ljubljana) 41 727 284 355
Brassó(Kronstadt/Braşov) 41 056 290 743
Eszék(Osijek) 40 106 108 048
Ostrau(Ostrava)* 36 754 187 968
Tarnopol(Ternopil)* 33 900 217 866
Nagyszeben(Hermannstadt/Sibiu)* 33 489 147 245

I think these are all the cities and towns, which had larger populations than 40k in Austria-Hungary in 1910, but I might had missed something. Please tell me if you notice one missing!

*Included these, because of their drastic population increase.

Edit1: Corrected modern Zagreb and added Ljubljana.

Edit2: Corrected modern Zagreb once again.
 
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What do you think, which of these cities would be larger? Which would be smaller? Are there cities not on the list, which could also grow quite large(>150k)?
City namePop.(1910)Pop.(OTL ~2019)
Wien(Vienna) 2 031 498 1 840 573
Budapest 1 232 026 1 735 711
Prag(Praha/Prague) 668 000 1 301 132
Triest(Trieste) 229 510 204 420
Lemberg(Lvov/Lviv) 206 113 728 545
Krakau(Kraków) 151 886 762 508
Graz 151 781 328 276
Brünn(Brno) 125 737 377 028
Szeged(Szegedin) 118 328 170 285
Szabadka(Subotica) 94 610 105 681
Debrecen(Debrezin) 92 729 208 016
Czernowitz(Chernivtsi) 87 128 242 300
Pilsen(Plzeň) 80 343 169 858
Agram(Zagreb) 79 038 80 300
Pozsony(Pressburg/Bratislava) 78 223 425 167
Temesvár(Temeschwar/)Timişoara 72 555 319 279
Linz 67 817 200 841
Innsbruck 65 221 132 493
Nagyvárad(Oradea) 64 169 196 367
Stanislau(Stanislaw) 64 000 236 602
Arad 63 166 159 074
Kolozsvár(Cluj Napoca) 60 808 324 576
Pola(Pula) 59 498 57 053
Salzburg 56 423 153 377
Újpest (part of modern Budapest) 55 197 100 694
Karlsbad(Karlovy Vary) 52 808 48 479
Kecskemét 52 270 110 687
Sarajevo 51 919 275 524
Miskolc 51 459 157 177
Teplitz(Teplice) 50 896 49 731
Pécs(Fünfkirchen) 49 852 145 347
Fiume(Rijeka) 49 806 128 624
Kladen(Kladno) 49 668 69 337
Brüx(Most) 48 621 66 034
Tetschen(Děčín) 48 148 48 594
Klagenfurt 45 161 100 316
Budweis(České Budějovice) 44 538 94 014
Győr(Raab) 44 300 129 301
Kassa(Kaschau/Košice) 44 200 238 593
Békéscsaba 42 599 58 996
Brassó(Kronstadt/Braşov) 41 056 290 743
Eszék(Osijek) 40 106 108 048
Ostrau(Ostrava)* 36 754 187 968
Tarnopol(Ternopil)* 33 900 217 866
Nagyszeben(Hermannstadt/Sibiu)* 33 489 147 245

I think these are all the cities and towns, which had larger populations than 40k in Austria-Hungary in 1910, but I might had missed something. Please tell me if you notice one missing!

*Included these, because of their drastic population increase.
You missed Ljubljana (41.7k in 1910), and I think it'd be larger than today, the devastation of WWII is probably avoided, which means a larger rural population to migrate to the city (to my knowledge the city wasn't too badly damaged by the war but there was a tremendous loss of life in the surrounding country side), with a surviving Austria-Hungary there'd also be a much higher volume of economic exchange through the Ljubljana Gap further driving growth. It'd probably retain a bit more of a German character (without Tito evicting them all) but I think it would remain firmly Slovene even if the official maps persist in labeling it Laibach.
 
• 191452,800,000
Is the figure from Wikipedia, if the Empire follow boom and Bust and keep their 1914 borders...we can see easily breaking 100M of Population without issue, could be as Populated as Japan with some lucky butterflies and Vienna the Metropolis of the Danube with a population of 10M and more easily
 
FzcMIS0.png

The regions with the best infra seem to be poised to see most of the economic activity and as a result most of the population growth as well.
2TNq4e1.png

The Danube-Trieste channel would also boost the economic activity along its planned route.
 
What do you think, which of these cities would be larger?
If Vienna remained the capital and logistic hub of the empire it would continue growing, so it might be twice the size than OTL 2019. Trieste would also massively benefit from remaining the main port of the empire and would most likely double in size by TTL 2019 (might swallow Koper in it's expansion), with it's main competitor Rijeka being also larger than OTL. Also I think you might be missing a zero in 2019 numbers for Zagreb.
 
• 191452,800,000
Is the figure from Wikipedia, if the Empire follow boom and Bust and keep their 1914 borders...we can see easily breaking 100M of Population without issue, could be as Populated as Japan with some lucky butterflies and Vienna the Metropolis of the Danube with a population of 10M and more easily

I don't think that Vienna would grow anywhere close to 10 million, unlike France and Great Britain, Austria-Hungary, as the name already indicates, wasn't a unitary state and since Transleithania, being the lesser developed part, would have undergone the demographic transition a generation or more later than Cisleithania, would've resulted in the former and the latter becoming equal population-wise by the mid 20th century. So ITTL's 2020 both Vienna and Budapest would be in the 3 to 4 million range, with Prague as a rather distant third with around 1,5 million. As to the total population in 2020, I'd say 70 to 80 million would be more realistic.

Both Trieste and Pola (Pula) and, to a lesser degree also Fiume (Rijeka), as important harbours would be significantly more populous than IOTL, likely in the 150'000 - 200'000 range. Maribor (Marburg), which was AFAIK also in the 40'000-range, would've been significantly more populous than IOTL without the expulsion of the German population, the same would be true for most cities in Bohemia and Moravia, that IOTL had a significant German population prior to 1945, e.g. Pilsen (Plzeň), Karlsbad (Karlovy Vary), Brüx (Most) or Teplitz (Teplice).
 
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I don't think that Vienna would grow anywhere close to 10 million, unlike France and Great Britain, Austria-Hungary, as the name already indicates, wasn't a unitary state and since Transleithania, being the lesser developed part, would have undergone the demographic transition a generation or more later than Cisleithania, would've resulted in the former and the latter becoming equal population-wise by the mid 20th century. So ITTL's 2020 both Vienna and Budapest would be in the 3 to 4 million range, with Prague as a rather distant third with around 1,5 million. As to the total population in 2020, I'd say 70 to 80 million would be more realistic.

With a population at 80 million, in a much more urban environment, with very few other major urban centres to compete with, I find very hard for Vienna to be below 5 million people. I guess somewhere between 6-7 million, being conservative.

Berlin, for instance, despite all WWII devastation, the mass immigration to West Germany cities, its impoverishment, is not that far from 5 million mark for its metro area. In fact, in a scenario where Austria-Hungary still exist, Germany would count at least 100 million people and Berlin would be close to the 10 million mark for its metro area.
 
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Austria - 8.8 Million
Hungary - 9.7 Million
Bohemia - 10.6 Million
Slovakia - 5.4 Million
Slovenia - 2 Million
Croatia - 4 Million
Bosnia - 3.3 Million
Galicia and Lodomeria - 9.4 Million
Vojvodina - 2 Million
Transylvania - 6.7 Million
South Tyrol - 0.6 Million
Trieste - 0.2 Million
Total Population: 62.8 Million or rounding up 63 Million.
GDP - 1.2 Trillion Dollars
GDP Per Capita - $19000
(Going by OTL Data, Military:)
Spending: 12 Billion
Active Personnel: 190,000
Reserve Personnel: 200,000
Total Personnel: 390,000
But if we go by a at least 5% to 10% increase to make AH a proper military power:-
Spending: 50 to 60 Billion
Active Personnel: 210,000
Reserve Personnel: 230,000
Total Personnel: 440,000

Not the greatest Great Power, but it would be a lower-tier Great Power like Turkey, but with a far better economy
 
You missed Ljubljana (41.7k in 1910)
Thanks for pointing it out, I added it.
and I think it'd be larger than today, the devastation of WWII is probably avoided, which means a larger rural population to migrate to the city (to my knowledge the city wasn't too badly damaged by the war but there was a tremendous loss of life in the surrounding country side), with a surviving Austria-Hungary there'd also be a much higher volume of economic exchange through the Ljubljana Gap further driving growth. It'd probably retain a bit more of a German character (without Tito evicting them all) but I think it would remain firmly Slovene even if the official maps persist in labeling it Laibach.
I agree. The continuing undisrupted trade between Trieste and Vienna would definitely benefit the city a lot. My guess would be a population around 1,5x greater than OTL.
Is the figure from Wikipedia, if the Empire follow boom and Bust and keep their 1914 borders...we can see easily breaking 100M of Population without issue, could be as Populated as Japan with some lucky butterflies and Vienna the Metropolis of the Danube with a population of 10M and more easily
If the population of A-H increases in the same manner as x (in OTL), then its population would look like this:
Spain(1910–2019): 120 842 300
Bulgaria(1910–1989): 106 737 500
Portugal(1911–2018): 88 475 900
Italy(1911–2018): 86 714 500
France(1911–2018): 84 585 900

Which of these seems the most likely?
The regions with the best infra seem to be poised to see most of the economic activity and as a result most of the population growth as well.
Without doubt, but that map is really not a good indicator of good infrastructure. The Eastern parts of the Monarchy are significantly more farther from Vienna, so it gives a false impression of bad infrastructure.
The Danube-Trieste channel would also boost the economic activity along its planned route.
How seriously was that plan taken? How likely that it's actually built?
If Vienna remained the capital and logistic hub of the empire it would continue growing, so it might be twice the size than OTL 2019.
Yes, although how much of its population would live within the actual limits of the administrative unit of the city? How would TTL Greater Vienna look like? Would something like the OTL nazi city-expansion plans be implemented? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Vienna
Trieste would also massively benefit from remaining the main port of the empire and would most likely double in size by TTL 2019 (might swallow Koper in it's expansion), with it's main competitor Rijeka being also larger than OTL.
Double the size compared to 1910 or to OTL 2019?
Also I think you might be missing a zero in 2019 numbers for Zagreb.
You're right. I corrected it.
I don't think that Vienna would grow anywhere close to 10 million, unlike France and Great Britain, Austria-Hungary, as the name already indicates, wasn't a unitary state and since
If not else, the border would definitely cut Vienna off from further growth. I wonder how would this affect the size of Pozsony(/Pressburg/Presporok/Bratislava)?
Transleithania, being the lesser developed part, would have undergone the demographic transition a generation or more later than Cisleithania, would've resulted in the former and the latter becoming equal population-wise by the mid 20th century.
Yes, you're right. Would that mean there are other Transleithanian cities, which could make onto the list? Komárom, for example?
So ITTL's 2020 both Vienna and Budapest would be in the 3 to 4 million range, with Prague as a rather distant third with around 1,5 million.
Which of the two would be more populous in your opinion?
As to the total population in 2020, I'd say 70 to 80 million would be more realistic.
With a population at 80 million, in a much more urban environment, with very few other major urban centres to compete with, I find very hard for Vienna to be below 5 million people. I guess somewhere between 6-7 million, being conservative.
With the comparisons I made above, I'm not that sure about this. The 80 million mark should be easily surpassed, imo.
Pozsony and (to lesser degree) Sopron are right at the other side of the border, so if not else, urban/suburban areas strentching through the border wouldn't be considered part of Vienna. The Alps could also limit the growth of the city to the Southwest.

Also, even if there are no real competitors in the immediate vicinity, Budapest and the various regional centres could definitely restrict the overall manpower pull of Vienna, imo.
Berlin, for instance, despite all WWII devastation, the mass immigration to West Germany cities, its impoverishment, is not that far from 5 million mark for its metro area.
The metro is 5 million, but the city itself is only ~3,7 million. Modern day Germany is both smaller and denser, while it's also more homogenous. That makes Berlin's manpower pull stronger imo.
Austria - 8.8 Million
Hungary - 9.7 Million
Bohemia - 10.6 Million
Slovakia - 5.4 Million
Slovenia - 2 Million
Croatia - 4 Million
Bosnia - 3.3 Million
Galicia and Lodomeria - 9.4 Million
Vojvodina - 2 Million
Transylvania - 6.7 Million
South Tyrol - 0.6 Million
Trieste - 0.2 Million
Total Population: 62.8 Million or rounding up 63 Million.
GDP - 1.2 Trillion Dollars
GDP Per Capita - $19000
(Going by OTL Data, Military:)
Spending: 12 Billion
Active Personnel: 190,000
Reserve Personnel: 200,000
Total Personnel: 390,000
But if we go by a at least 5% to 10% increase to make AH a proper military power:-
Spending: 50 to 60 Billion
Active Personnel: 210,000
Reserve Personnel: 230,000
Total Personnel: 440,000

Not the greatest Great Power, but it would be a lower-tier Great Power like Turkey, but with a far better economy
Arent these just the sum of the areas of A-H today? The country not falling apart in the first place would lead to much different outcome, imo.
 
With a population at 80 million, in a much more urban environment, with very few other major urban centres to compete with, I find very hard for Vienna to be below 5 million people. I guess somewhere between 6-7 million, being conservative.

Berlin, for instance, despite all WWII devastation, the mass immigration to West Germany cities, its impoverishment, is not that far from 5 million mark for its metro area. In fact, in a scenario where Austria-Hungary still exist, Germany would count at least 100 million people and Berlin would be close to the 10 million mark for its metro area.
The figures I cited were city, not metro figures, since the figures in @Fehérvári's table were city, not metro figures as well. BTW, IOTL there were plans shortly before WW1 to expand Vienna to a "Greater Vienna" with an expected population growth to up to 4 million within the next half century, if we assume that the expansion would have started in 1920 (after the war) that would've meant by 1970 Vienna might have had a population of up to 4 million. By then sub-replacement TFRs and suburbanisation would cause the city's population to shrink like it happened in Greater London, with significant parts of the population moving to new towns in the metro area and a rebound post 2000 due to reurbanisation.
 
What would the Habsburg’s think of sub replacement fertility? Would they fight it? Otto Von Habsburg had seven kids and Charles had eight. I don’t think they will view this issue the same way secular democratic republics do.
 
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Yes, although how much of its population would live within the actual limits of the administrative unit of the city? How would TTL Greater Vienna look like? Would something like the OTL nazi city-expansion plans be implemented? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Vienna
Plans of expanding Vienna were developed by Vienna's municipal council shortly before the Great War, the final limits of said expansion was rather vague, but the plans stated that the city and its' infrastructure should be expanded to accomodate a population of up to 4 million in a timeframe of around half a century, so that seems to have been what those responsible expected the city would grow to in the next 50 years and it's not unlikely that the Nazis just dusted off those old plans and amended them as needed.
Which of the two would be more populous in your opinion?
That would depend on whether the higher population growth rate of Budapest would have been enough to compensate its' lower population compared to Vienna, I would still expect it to be somewhat, but not significantly less populous than Vienna.
 
What would the Habsburg’s think of sub replacement fertility? Would they fight it? Otto Von Habsburg had seven kids and Charles had eight. I don’t think they will view this issue the same way secular democratic republics do.
Well, political Catholicism was always a pretty potent force in the empire (which makes sense given that the Catholic faith is one of the things most of the empire has in common). So, while I don't think they'd go to the lengths of say banning contraceptives, I think some sort of "Do it for Denmark"-esque pro-natalist campaign is likely at the very least.
 
Well, political Catholicism was always a pretty potent force in the empire (which makes sense given that the Catholic faith is one of the things most of the empire has in common). So, while I don't think they'd go to the lengths of say banning contraceptives, I think some sort of "Do it for Denmark"-esque pro-natalist campaign is likely at the very least.
Damn i remind that, WTH thought that was a good idea?
 
What would the Habsburg’s think of sub replacement fertility? Would they fight it? Otto Von Habsburg had seven kids and Charles had eight. I don’t think they will view this issue the same way secular democratic republics do.
They can think of it whatever they want, unless the Austrian/Hungarian governments would be willing to hand out significant child benefits and offer enough day care centres like France or Sweden do, there's little that can be done to stop TFRs in developed, urbanised countries from dropping to below sub replacement levels, whether monarchy or republic, liberal or conservative and at least Cisleithania already was pretty liberal for its' time, Transleithania less so, but I wouldn't call Qatar exactly liberal either and even they have a sub replacement TFR.
 
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