The Hook Cross and the Christian General
After the end of the Western War and the union of the Guominjun and the Kuomintang, the Guangzhou government was forced to consolidate. The eradication of the warlords in the south of China was key to the unification process, but disputes began to arise between Hu-Hsiang, the leader of the former Guominjun, and Chiang Kai-shek, the President of the Guangzhou government and leader of the Kuomintang. Hu-Hsiang was in all honesty a leftist, his ideology being a splice of nationalism, militarism and Christian socialism. He was opposed to communism, but was not wholly against them, as a large wing of the Kuomintang was. One wing of the party, lead by Kai-shek and his allies from the Whampoa Clique, was the Blue Shirts Society, who had gained prominence after the fall of Wuhan. Kai-shek had promoted many of its members to higher points in the military because of their affiliation with the organization and their rise had alienated Hu-Hsiang and the left wing of the party. With the Communists marginalized and Jingwei's death, the left wing became strongly under the control of Hu-Hsiang and the former Guominjun members. Feng's political concepts became heavily influenced, not from Moscow, but from Munich. Support for the National Socialist ideology in the left camp became high and caused Strasserist policies to fall to the wayside in the Blue Shirts. The leader of Strasserist theory in the Blue Shirts, Liu Jianqun, lost his influence in the society as a direct result of this, the main ideological contributor becoming He Zhonghan, who drew mainly from Italian fascism and Japanese Statism. Zhonghan managed to take over from Jeng Tie, who had attempted to make the Blue Shirts the only wing of the party. The refusal of Jeng Tie to recognize the control of Chiang on the movement, lead to his disposal by the secret police. His execution was rumored to have been carried out by Dai Li, the head of the KMT's secret police. A strike on Hu-Hisang was proposed by Dai, but Chiang vetoed it.
After his escape into Denmark in the Spring of 1935, Otto Strasser became the face of the failed Nazi Revolt in Germany. He became popular in academic circles across Europe and was a frequent visitor in Paris, London and Madrid. In early 1936, Strasser was contacted through an intermediary from the French interests in Yunnan, that his presence had been requested by Feng Hu-Hsiang. After explaining who the general was and his views on Otto's late brothers theories, Strasser, along with 600 or so Nazis, most of whom had fought in the war, traveled to China through French Indochina, traveling to the Northwest to met with Hu-Hsiang. Hu-Hsiang, by the winter of 1936, had grown weary of Chiang's support of the Blue Shirts, who had grown from secret society to a massive group, encompassing the right wing of the party. Hu-Hsiang had gathered some left leaning generals and was prepared to force a civil war in an attempt to dislodge the Blue Shirts from power. With the arrival of Strasser in the Spring of 1937, the left wing's cause was bolstered and were ready to challenge the the government in Guangzhong. The first move of war was when Li Zongren agreed to join the plot. Although Zongren was not ideologically opposed to Chiang and the Blue Shirts, he believed it threatened any chance of his taking power. The forces loyal to him launched the attack on Guangzhou, capturing the city and forcing the KMT to retreat to Chenzou in the Hunan. The fall of Guangzhou was considered a death knell for the Kuomintang, especially when the newly revived Guominjun, with German volunteers, marching south. The siege of Hunan went on between June of 1937 and August of 1937, when Chiang ordered the retreat to Yunnan. However, Chiang was killed by an artillery raid on the force as it retreated and when the KMT reached Yunnan, the party was faced with a political struggle between Liu Chih, the remaining strong military commander in the KMT and the Blue Shirts lead by Zhonghan. The struggle was won by the Blue Shirts, with Chih being killed in his sleep. It was believed at this point that the KMT was out for the count, except that, seeing the disunity in the west, Zhang Xueliang, the son and heir apparent of Zuolin, convinced the new Beiyang Army that now was the time to strike. As a result, the army strode south from Nanjing towards Guangzhou, forcing the anti-Chiang Clique to respond in a defensive maneuver. As a result the KMT was able to recuperate and rebuild its strength. War had reopened in China, and as leaders in the colonies of Europe looked on, it could be contained.