It proved to the Royal Navy that their aircraft could sink ships at sea (or cripple them in the case of Bismarck) and that a carrier air group was fast becoming, if not already become, the principle strike arm of the Navy.
After that despite the 'own goal' nature of the strike there was a massive increase in funding across the board for the Fleet Air arm and carriers in general
The US and Japan certainly took notice as did Italy and Germany who despite virtually zero experience threw vast resources (which were probably best used else where) at their fledgling naval aviation efforts.