DBWI East Roman Empire destroyed

Well, maybe if the Romans failed to completely slaughter the Arabs at Yarmouk, they might have a chance to weaken them enough for the empire eventually fall. Taking much territory is kind of ASB, but they could cause some severe havoc.
 
I mean, as we all know, God himself ordained the descendants of Romulus to govern all of the civilized world. With a mandate like that, what set of events could possibly lead to their collapse? I just don't see it happening, this is too ASB. Especially after they re-established the Western Empire when the Franks collapsed. After that, their borders were more-or-less secure for the next thousand years, so the POD would have to be before 800 CE, and I can't think of any possible earth-shattering historical shifts that could have occurred from 500-800 without some serious handwavium.
 
Well, maybe if the Romans failed to completely slaughter the Arabs at Yarmouk, they might have a chance to weaken them enough for the empire eventually fall. Taking much territory is kind of ASB, but they could cause some severe havoc.

Taking it from the Empire, perhaps; the Arabs, like most nomadic-conqueror groups, would have certainly run into trouble trying to force changes on the local administration of something as well-established as the Constantine State. However, their influence as mercenaries (particularly as siege engineers, merchants, and architects) for the Turkmen states built on the burning wreckage of the Persian Empires and over the formerly Slavic lands along the Volga and Dniper demonstrate just how effective they could act as a civilizing "bridge" between the otherwise incongruent "old" and "new" civilizations. There's a reason Trans-Vistulian/Trans-Carpathian Eurasia is by and large Tarto-Islamic; the refined, high-flaunting, overly restrictive culture of the Romans ended up having very little appeal to groups outside the Med. basin... especially to the Norse.

As for how to take them out... you'd need to take Asia Minor from them somehow, which requires cracking the geographic barriers that make those rich provinces so easily held. Like you said, the Arabs probably can't do it in the long run, but maybe if you hit it during a period of poor timing with relations between the Papacy and Patriarchate (IE the Wars of Religion... maybe have a succession dispute over the conversion of the Magyars?) you could end up with a perfect storm that overloads the Empire's manpower to the point their stable borders crack. That, or maybe the Great Khanate of Tartary develops a naval tradtion (by some miracle, which would let them break the wooden wall on the Black Sea that kept them out of Constantinople.
 
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I feel like a world in which the Arabs push into Anatolia becomes a different world. To this day, the Roman Republic - I know "Empire" is what the Kontostavros bureaucracy likes to say, but theoretically we've had demokratia since the Epanastasi - is really associated with Fortress Asia Minor. In all honesty that was a close call, historically: The defeat of the Arabs and the subsequent fall of Persia saw the old Empire become so complacent that all it would've taken after that was for the Karluks to turn west and attack the Muslims instead of invading the Indus. They'd have smashed right through Arabia and found the eastern border of Anatolia poorly-defended. The renewed border wars with the Hashimid Caliphate did, at least, lead to the eastern frontier becoming pretty formidable after that period.

Probably a loss of Anatolia results in Greek as a language being confined to Hellas. It might even result in a more compact empire which can better defend its western half, or keep the Roman Catholics out. The Magyars displacing the Bulgars north of the Danube was bad enough, but their conversion to Latin Christianity and the bickering between Rome and Constantinople over the matter really curtailed the ability of the Empire to project power west of Constantinople and north of the river.

re-established the Western Empire
For a few years, anyway. The marriage of the Lombard Queen Brunechildis to Emperor Eustathios I certainly had a lot of potential and did bring Italy back into the fold for the better part of a century, but her ability to exercise power in Gaul was pretty terrible, and those areas kind of splintered for good after the Easter Schism.
 
If Tamerlane didn't destroyed the Ottomans , they might have hold onto Anatolia and finally conquer the City of Conantine itself .
If Tamerlane couldn't conquer the Romans, how could a bunch of turks he conquer do it? Their is a reason invasions of the Roman empire has almost always been ill fated
 
Great merciful Allah... I suppose one other impact of all of this is we'd see a more humble Orthodox population than the haughty fundamentalism that's so common iotl
I swear we should have crusaded their asses over North Africa. I don't know what is more annoying Arian's or the 'Orthodox'.
 
What if the Bishop of Rome continued to demand supremacy and try to force His All Holiness Kowtow for the privilege of holding his See without a fairly united church the Arb menace may have been something.
 
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