The black community in the united states would be completely different.
Before reconstruction blacks were thought of as beasts of burden for the most part, the freedman's department was obbessed with education and at that time you had a population that had been banned on pentitly of death in some areas from reading. It was the reconstruction years that built the foundation of the black communities current success.
A culture that valued, hard work, education and thrift developed and the black community rose out of poverty and ended up becoming wealthier then their white neighbors.
You saw this phenominon in several places lebonese in east africa, the Igbo in nigeria, the Parsis in india, and of course the jewish comunity in europe. You also saw the same thing happen to blacks in the south. The black community has a kind of weird place right now loved as the model minority and loathed for their success by certain groups of people.
Long run....with out this long period of investment you get a poorer black community thats not nearly as conservative as the current black community is. The south probally ends up being a lot poorer too, reconstruction did a lot to build up their economy and educational system.