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The Byzantine-Sassanid war of 602-628 was a devastating conflict for both nations involved. The Byzantines took quite some time to recover, and the Sassanid Dynasty's days were numbered. At the same time, various fringe territories of these two empires got picked off by various migrating Arab groups, who spread their language family to various small parts of the Middle East. What if, instead of just a few scattered warlords, the Arabs had been united somehow into a single empire. Given competent generals and decent luck, how well might this empire have done against the reeling Byzantine and Sassanid Empires at this time?
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