Thought it's not exactly a great power in the traditional sense, the Empire of Haiti is nevertheless one of the most overall successful and well-off nations of the Caribbean.

Your challenge is to have it fare much worse.
 
Don't let it ally with Napoleon to yoink the english/spanish/dutch Caribbean. This would also leave it diplomatically isolated and therefore unable to import intellectuals, for lack of a better term
 

Dolan

Banned
The more obvious way is to avoid Joseph Bonaparte to emigrate to Haiti at the first place.

Joseph Bonaparte, a man who dedicated his life as abolitionist, is arguably having equal, if not more important long lasting influence despite of his less flashy life as a Colonial Lawyer working at first to promote emancipation of African Slaves, and later on working with Jean Jacques Dessalines to manage the newly-independent nation-state.

Of course when his brother seized power at France, The Haitian council agreed to give Joseph Bonaparte Imperial Crown of Haiti to become equal to France, at least in theory. Him marrying Dessalines' daughter might be a factor in this too...
 
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