Okay, I've been rereading cartlon_bach's excellent
Vivaldi Journeys, and mining it for ideas. Here are a few explored in his timeline or the threat:
* A knightly order colonizes large bits of the Americas via Teutonic-style methods, loosely controlled by an European crown.
By 1442, a delegation of Montesans travelled to Germany to recruit mining experts in order to improve their output - with remarkable success. The 'Saxon' communities at several heavily fortified mining towns, forbidden under the terms of their contract to acquire land grants, came to produce some of Aragonese Mexico's most talented artisans, fiercest soldiers, and even after several generations preserved their language and unique urban culture.
While the fate of Mexico was all but decided on the fateful day when Montesan jinetaros and crossbowmen toppled the temple on the great pyramid of Tilantongo, the actual expansion of Aragonese control was a slow, halting, and often violent process. Local auxiliaries fought on their side, initially in their time-hallowed style with spears and obsidian-toothed clubs, later with bronze- and iron-headed pikes and bills, and more than one European was tempted to 'go native' by generous rulers resisting the creeping encroachment of the order. A particularly fascinating episode was the brief flowering of the sultanate of Tlacopan, where mudejar jinetaros deposed a local ruler and established a Muslim dynasty that would resist several attempts by the Montesans to destroy it between 1453 and 1467. The eventual surrrender of the last sultan, Tariq Abd ar-Rahman, was obtained by offering generous terms of toleration to all present Muslim converts, and the mosque continued to be used for almost half a century.
The thing I don't get is that the Montesans (fictional knightly order) had Muslim jinetaros (riders) as part of their troops. Is that what Iberians really did?
* Having a fictional ideology come to prominence in Europe. You could experiment with having alt-schools of thought.
* Chocolate becomes the product that Europeans use to open up trade with China.
* Cannabis becomes a cash crop?
* Hanseatic League-type peasant republics survive in parts of northern Europe.
* Burgundy being a power (you're already doing this, huh?)
* The Mamluks... do stuff?
* A rising European power (in this case Milan, who has annexed Genoa and cultivated great trade in the Indian Ocean) supports the Safavids against the Ottomans. Shia end up emigrating to them during times of persecution.
* A lot of trade between Europe and west Africa leads to the conversion of the ruler of Benin, then Ife and Bakongo. The animist Mossi and the Muslims of Songhai complicate things. Though this all happens in the mid- to late-1400s.
The local flavour of Christianity was often far from European ideas of doctrine, though European teachings generally carried a social cachet even among the courtiers of the Bakongo, the most idiosyncratically African of the lot. Many senior clerics of the kingdoms in fact studied in Europe, most at the convent of San Cosmas e Damian at Alicante specifically dedicated to training missionaries for Africa. Yet with the majkorioty of clergy coming from local leading families and interested more in a political career than spiritual office, doctrinal purity often fell by the wayside in favour of a syncretistic accomodation of local tradition.
* Brittany is involved in the Americas!
Could any of these be used in Cortesia?