IOTL the British put the demands of Bomber Command first, letting the Uboats be effective for significantly longer than necessary, potentially delaying victory in the Atlantic by at least 9 months. Supposing that Coastal Command got priority over Bomber command in 1941-42, who much sooner could the BotA have been won and what would the consequences of that decision be, both positive and negative? What resources could then have been shifted to Bomber Command after the Atlantic was secured?
VLR aircraft are only part of the story.
There are two other major factors: ULTRA and CVEs.
OTL, the British cracked Germany Navy ULTRA (the HYDRA key) in mid-1941, pretty much ending the First Happy Time. (Though only as far as shipping losses were concerned - there were still relatively few U-boats sunk.) This was because by reading German traffic, the Admiralty knew where U-boat scouting lines were deployed, and could just steer around them: "playing blind-man's-bluff with their eyes open", in one historian's phrase.
Then in 1942, at the start of
PAUKENSCHLAG, the Germans switched the U-boats to the new TRITON key, which was secure until November. (Broken only with the lucky capture of Enigma material from foundering
U-559 off Egypt, and the genius of Alan Turing.) The intervening 10 months were the Second Happy Time.
This time, the break had two effects - it again allowed the Allied convoys to evade contact, and it also provided opportunities for Allied ASW forces to ambush U-boats (while crossing Biscay, for instance, or rendezvousing with a
milchkuh). The temporary loss of TRITON in March 1943 threatened a renewed Happy Time, but the codebreakers cracked TRITON again, for good, in less than a month.
None of that would be affected by extra VLR aircraft.
Nor (ISTM) would the deployment of CVEs, which were not built in large numbers until 1942 and didn't reach the Atlantic till mid-1943. The first "mass-production" CVE, USS
Copahee, was commissioned 12 June (and was sent to the PTO as an aircraft ferry, as were the second, USS
Nassau, and third, USS
Altamaha). Only six 1942 CVEs went to the Atlantic, and four of those were commissioned in November and December.
Additional VLR aircraft would have been quite valuable in the Atlantic, more valuable than bombing Germany at the time (or patrolling empty areas of the Pacific, where King sent quite a few). They could have reduced Allied shipping losses in mid-1941 to mid-1943 by about 2M tons, maybe 3M, from OTL 11M tons.
But I don't think one can say they would have "won the Battle of the Atlantic" a lot sooner. The BoA was "won" as of May 1943, when for the first time, U-boat losses were more than half of Allied ships sunk, which was true for the rest of the war (except September and November 1943).
That victory was a combination of ULTRA, CVEs,
and VLR aircraft.