Abgal- Abgal is a god and sage, supposed to give instructions on civilization. He is also a god of caravan drivers and northern desert tribes. He was worshiped in Tadmor. His name is linked to the Sumerian and Babylonian sages (half-fish and half-man) sent by the god Enki/Ea to teach the arts of civilization to the kings.
A'im- A war god. He was worshiped by the Azd and had a temple in the mountains of Sarawat in the Najd Desert.
Al-Fals- A mountain god. His idol was a red rock in the form of a man, projecting from a black mountain called Aja. The Bawlan and Tayy tribes in the Najd Desert worshiped Al-Fals at Jebel Aja. The whole mountain area was sacred ground (hima). Those seeking sanctuary come to Al-Fals for protection, similarly, any animals kept near his mountain are taboo and belong to the god.
Allah- The high god of the Arabs, Allah is said to have created heaven and earth. All of the other Arabian gods and spirits bow to his authority. He is the creator of the world and all in it, and the father of the other gods. His consort is Allat, and they have many children. After creating the world, he retired from it, leaving it up to the other gods and goddesses to rule and only intervening in cases of drought and despair, when he bestows rain and delivers from evil. All of the Arab tribes worship him, but only in times of great need, as he is the highest god and involved mostly with kings and royalty. He is addressed as ar-Rahman and al-Rahim (meaning 'the Compassionate' and 'the Merciful'). While he is present in the third and highest heaven, Allah is also present in the daily lives of those on earth, in a number of names and forms. It is also believed that the other gods will intercede with him, and the most common deities for this are the goddesses Allat and Al-Uzzah. Allah also sent a black stone from heaven, which was kept in the Kaaba and it was believed that some of his power resided in it. His feminine form (or aspect, half) is called the Sakina. He perhaps has much in common with the Canaanite El, the Hittite Kumarbi, and the Babylonian Anu.
Allat- The great mother goddess of the Arabs and the consort of Allah. Her son is Dhu'Shara, and indeed she has many children. Allat is worshiped by all Arab tribes, with some placing more emphasis on some of her attributes than others. Allat is a much more active deity than Allah and will intercede with him on behalf of worshipers. She is a goddess of wisdom and protection, shown as holding a spear and being associated with lions. In addition, Allat is also a goddess of childbirth and the fertility of the land. She has the power to create life and give birth, and the Kaaba (cubic sanctuary) is sacred to her as the creator of the deities. She is the Queen of Heaven for the Arabs, and in ancient times was worshiped by many people, including the Thaqif, Lihyan, Quraysh, Nabataeans, and Tadmorites. The Thaqif had the main idol and sanctuary for her in the city of Ta'if, and an edifice was built over the idol. Allat's idols are in the shape of a cubic white rock, and offerings of barley porridge (sawiq) are prepared for her. She has a lot in common with other goddesses like the Canaanite Asherah (called Elat).
Al-Khidr- 'The Green One', a powerful spirit, god, or saint. Al-Khidr is often represented by a fish. Al-Khidr possesses the water of life and is known to help travellers and be a source of wisdom to them. He rules over freshness of knowledge, symbolized by the colour green.
Al-Khutbay- The god of scribes, learning, commerce, and prophecy. He is the scribe god and patron god of scribes, and he has power over writing and the magic power present in words. He is also a god favoured by travellers, and his influence on the trade routes is apparent. Al-Khutbay is usually represented as a stone pillar or as a betyl with eyes looking upwards, and this is to symbolize looking into the heavens and using the stars for divination. He was worshiped by the Nabataeans, who brought his worship into Egypt and the Sinai region. Along trade routes, he frequently becomes syncretized with other gods. Al-Khutbay has magical power which he uses by the writing of words.
Almaku-hu- 'His written signs', the stars. He is the lord of the hosts of heaven, of the many stars. Worshiped by the Sabaeans.
Almaqah- A southern Arabian moon god, also known as Sin and Amm. Almaqah was worshiped by the Sabaeans as their national god, and as well as being worshiped in Sheba (and other Arabian kingdoms such as Qataban and Hadramaut), he was also worshiped in Cush. He forms part of an astral triad with Shams and Athtar. The kings and queens of Sheba believed themselves to be his children and he was the protector of the land, with his main temple standing in the Sabaean capital city of Ma'rib. As a moon god, Almaqah rules over the calendar and the passing of time, and shines at night to ensure that demons do not escape the netherworld. He also rules over irrigation and agriculture, and protects the land from drought, keeping it well-watered. Almaqah's symbol is a cluster of lightning bolts and a crescent moon (or sickle). Bulls and ibexes are sacred to him. He may be the same as the northern god Hubal, though it's not known for certain. In Qataban people used to leave a portion of their crops as offerings to Amm'anas.
Al-Mushtri- The god of the planet Mushtri (Jupiter). He brings wealth and prosperity.
Al-Qaum- A god of war and the night, worshiped by the Nabataeans. Al-Qaum is Dhu'Shara's brother, and while Dhu'Shara rules over the day, Al-Qaum rules over the night. Many inscriptions and prayers were dedicated to him, and he seems to have been the most popular Nabataean deity. Al-Qaum watches over the trading caravan, protecting travellers at night from bandits and hostile tribes, as well as wild animals and evil spirits. He is known as the 'Protector of the Clan'. He is said to ride on a white camel, and to offer protection in times of war against enemy tribes. During the day he uses the wind and at night uses the stars to guide the caravans on their way. He drinks no wine (typical of a Nabataean desert god), and does not sleep until the last camel of a trading caravan is at its destination. Al-Qaum also rules over the stars, believed to be the souls of the ancestors, and of the sleeping. He protects sleepers on their nightly journey through the heavenly realms, and accompanies the souls of the dead through the skies to their final resting place.
Al-Sh'ira- The goddess of the dog star (Sirius), who delivers luck and fortune.
Al-Thurayya- A star god (of the constellation Pleiades), also known as An-Najm. He is believed to bring rain. The people of Makkah would go into the hills surrounding the city to worship him.
Al-Uqaysir- A squat-shaped sanctuary, around which stand many betyls (ansab). He also has garments (athwab), and there is a ditch (djafr) into which are thrown offerings. Al-Uqaysir was the sanctuary of the tribes of Qudi'ah, Lakhm, Judham, Amilah, and Ghatafan.
Al-Uzzah- The goddess of love and war. Al-Uzzah is a daughter of Allah and will intercede with him on behalf of mortal devotees. She is a major goddess, with two daughters of her own, and her consort is Dhu'Shara. Al-Uzzah is a goddess of love, fertility and beauty, as well as of the morning and evening star (she is connected with the planet Venus); and people worship her from the rooftops of their houses in the hope that her planet will transfer beauty to them. She is also a goddess of war and power, associated with the lion, and called upon alongside Hubal before entering battle. She is a young goddess, a violent and energetic one. Her power extends over the netherworld as well as heaven and earth. Al-Uzzah's idols include groves of acacia trees, and a thigh bone shaped slab of granite from where oracles and prophecies are gained. Usually white sheep are sacrificed to her. In ancient times, Al-Uzzah was first a Sabaean and southern Arabian goddess, but her cult spread to the Nabataeans in the north. Many people worshiped her, including the Quraysh, Sulaym, Ghanim, Khuza'ah, Kinanah, Nabataeans, and Sabaeans. Her idol stood in a sanctuary called Buss, which contained an altar called al-Ghabghab and was used for sacrifices and prayers. Nearby to the temple stood three acacia trees in the Valley of Nakhlat al-Sha'miyah, near Makkah. Al-Uzzah is also a goddess of prophecy and some call upon her in divination. Her symbols include grain, poppies, the zodiac, fish, crown, and lions. When the Nabataeans took to building ships and sailing, the goddess also became associated with dolphins. Al-Uzzah has many similarities to the Canaanites goddesses Ashtart and Anat, the Babylonian Ishtar, and the Sumerian Inanna.
Al-Ya'bub- An ancestral god of the Jadilah clan, whom they performed fasts to. His totem is a horse.
Anbay- A god of prophecy and justice who attends the god Amm or Almaqah. He was worshiped by the Sabaeans. He is also a god of wisdom and prophecy and is associated with the planet Otaared (Mercury). Perhaps he is also seen as a messenger or scribe, appropriate for a god of this planet.
Aranyada- A Minaean god worshiped in the city of Nashash. He is associated with the ibex or wild goat. Aranyada is a protective god, watching over the growing of crops. His divine hands allow good harvests, good health, and protect the people from enemies.
Arsu- Arsu is the god of the evening star and of dusk. He rides a camel and is often seen alongside his twin brother Aziz. He was worshiped in Tadmor.
Aset- An Egyptian goddess worshiped by the Nabataeans in their city of Sala. Aset is identified with Al-Uzzah, and is worshiped in connection with fertility, immortality, and the netherworld. Representations of Aset as a goddess of the netherworld can be found carved into the walls of the treasury at Sala.
Atar-atah- A great goddess worshiped in Canaan and Serug, she is a syncretized form of the goddesses Ashtart and Anat. The Nabataeans and Tadmorites worshiped Atar-atah, especially alongside Aset in the case of the Nabataeans. She is not a popular goddess in Arabian religion, however, being worshiped in ancient times by only a small number of Nabataeans.
Atarsamain- Athtar of the heavens, an astral god associated with the morning and evening stars. He is also considered to be a god of irrigation, the protector of property, and is invoked in curses. Athtar forms part of a triad with the sun and moon deities. He was worshiped by the Sabaeans, Qatabanites, Kedarites, and others. He has two aspects: Attar Dhu Qabd (the Morning Star), and Attar Shariqan (the Evening Star).
Awf- The Great Bird. Awf is a powerful giant bird-god, who was worshiped by the Quraysh as their divine ancestor. His idol was in the shape of an eagle and was on the roof of the Kaaba. Awf bestows oracles by the movements of birds, and this form of divination is called zajr. Awf perhaps has some similarities with the Babylonian Anzu bird and the Israelite Ziz bird.
Aziz- The god of the morning star and of the dawn, worshiped in Tadmor. He is portrayed as riding a camel. His twin brother is Arsu. Both Aziz and another god called Mun'im (Ruda) are seen as astral gods and attendants of the sun goddess Shams (or the sun god Malakbel in Tadmor).
Basamum- Healing god connected to the balsam plant.
Beelshamem- Beelshamem or al-Ba'l is the god of rain, and watering the agricultural land. He is a minor god in most of Arabian religion (except for in Tadmor), and he is more often than not associated with underground water supplies that water the land.
Bes- An Egyptian dwarf god worshiped in Arabia. He is popular with farmers and children, and is the god of recreation and who protects against evil (whether in the form of lions or snakes, bad dreams, or evil spirits).
Buana- A god said to give oracles if offerings are made at his shrine. He was worshiped by the Quraysh at the Kaaba in Makkah.
Charimtu- The Sabaean name for the goddess Ashertu (Athirat/Asherah), known more commonly in Arabia as Allat.
Chol- Phoenix of Hadhramaut, who brings incense to foreign altars.
Dahr- The god of time, the personification of time itself. Possibly influenced somewhat by Persian Zoroastrianism and the god Zurvan.
Datin- The dealer of divine justice. He was worshiped near the oasis at Tayma.
Dhat-Anwat- A tree goddess. She is worshiped in the form of a palm, jujube, or cedar tree. Libations are made to her before this tree and ornaments, jewellry and weapons are hung from the branches. The Quraysh worshiped her by a tree that stood halfway between the cities of Makkah and Yathrib.
Dhat-Badan- A nature goddess worshiped at tree-circled oases. She was worshiped by the Himyarites, and her cult spread to Cush (Ethiopia).
Dhat-Banatum- A goddess of winter and the dark and wet season. She was worshiped by the Sabaeans who lived in a fertile land and not an arid one.
Dhu'l-Ghabat- A god of vegetation. He was worshiped by the Lihyan tribe and the oasis of Tayma.
Dhu'l-Khaffayn- The god of two palms. His idol is in the shape of a hand. He is connected to the hands and is the god of the hands. There are other gods who rule over other parts of the body as well. He was worshiped by the Munhib and Daws clans.
Dhu'l-Khalasah- An oracular god who provides the purest meaning to anything. His idol is in the form of a white quartz pillar with a crown upon its head. People use divination arrows and cleromancy for divination in his shrine. He had a temple in the town of Tahalah, between Makkah and Sana'a. The Khath'am, Bajilah, Daws, and Azd tribes worshiped him.
Dhu'l-Qarnayn- The two-horned lord. He is a powerful hero or spirit with horns like a ram, who journeyed to the east and built a large wall to keep Gog and Magog (referring mostly to the Scythians, but also to some of their allies occasionally, like Gomer, Madai, Cush, and Phut- which correspond to Cimmeria, Persia, Ethiopia, and Libya) from attacking the people he met on his campaign.
Dhu'Samawi- The god of heaven and of the sky. He was worshiped by the Amir tribe and had a temple in the desert of Rhub-al-Khali. Injured animals and sick people reside in his temple in the hope that they will be healed. Tribes of nomads offer him votive camel statues to ensure the well-being of their herds.
Dhu'Shara- A mountain god (of the Sharat mountains) worshiped by the Nabataeans and the Azd. He rules the mountains and the daytime and is also connected to the growing of grapes and the drinking of wine (otherwise prohibited by the Nabataeans but given in libation to Dhu'Shara). He is also seen as the chief god of the city of Sala, and perhaps connected to the afterlife (seen as existing beyond the Sharat mountains). He is also connected to the theatre and to kingship, and his main festival is around the winter solstice- a time of much joy and merriment. Dhu'Shara is worshiped in the form of a rectangular black stone, set on a base worked in gold. Incense is burned to him and meat offerings and animal sacrifices are also given. Dhu'Shara rules over the pastoral and grazing lands near the Sharat mountains and so is seen as the protector of fertile grazing lands. In Makkah, he was called A'ra, and his idol was a stone sculpture with a white mark on its forehead.
Dhu'r-Rijl- A god whose idol is in the shape of a foot. He is the god of the foot. He was worshiped by the Daws tribe. There are other deities who rule over other parts of the body as well.
Duwar- The virgins' goddess. Young women perform tawaf around her idol and offer her libations. The Quraysh worshiped her. Another name for her may possibly be Kalisha, goddess of purity.
Haukim- A southern Arabian god of justice. Worshiped by the Himyarites.
Hawbas- The Sabaean moon god, equivalent to Almaqah, Amm, Wadd, and Sin who are from the other southern Arabian kingdoms.
Hubal- A storm and war god worshiped by the Quraysh tribe and head of the deities in Makkah, his cult city; along with the Khuza'ah tribe and the Nabataeans. His name is related to the Aramaic word for 'spirit' and may originally be from northern Arabia. He was worshiped by the Nabataeans, but was never a major god to them and wasn't worshiped by the royal household. The Nabataeans placated Hubal and other gods if they ever violated tombs and he was worshiped alongside Dhu'Shara by them. Hubal is seen as the bringer of rains and is invoked alongside Al-Uzzah in times of war. He was worshiped in the Ka'aba at Makkah, and there was a vault for sacrifice in which 100 camels were sacrificed to him. His idol is made of red agate, in the form of a man, and has a golden hand. Hubal is the son of Allat, the brother of Wadd and the consort of Manat. He is a god who possesses the power to see into the future and past, and is connected with the passing of time like his consort Manat. Because of this, Hubal is connected with the powers of divination by arrows, and the Quraysh clan would consult him in the Ka'aba for this purpose. There were seven of these arrows, called qidah. After a sacrifice to Hubal, these arrows would be shuffled and then thrown to see which landed the furthest. The first two arrows were concerned with the birth of a child. On one was written 'pure' (sarih), and on the other 'consociated alien' (mulsag). If the result of the divination was 'sarih', the child was declared legitimate and accepted into the tribe; and if the result was 'mulsag', the child was rejected as illegitimate. The third arrow was for divination concerning the dead, and the fourth for divination concerning marriage. The purpose of the remaining three is not known.
Isaf- A hill god and consort of Na'ilah. His idol is a standing stone and was located on the hill of al-Safa near Makkah. Isaf's idol is not touched. During a pilgrimage, worshipers run between Isaf and Na'ilah. The tribes which worshiped him were the Kalb, the Hudhayl, the Quraysh, and the Khuza'ah.
Jadd- The god of luck and fortune. He was worshiped by the Nabataeans and Tadmorites. There are also several local spirits who bring good fortune bearing the name 'Jadd' (such as a Jadd of the village etc.)
Manaf- Manaf is the god of the high place, a place of worship. He was worshiped by the Quraysh and Hudhayl tribes. Women are not allowed near his idol while menstruating. Manaf is the personified high place itself, as an elevated place of worship where one stands before the gods.
Manat- The goddess of fate, time and destiny. Manat is a well-worshiped goddess, as in the Arabian worldview the world is governed by Dahr, the force of time and fate. Things are destined to happen before they do. Manat was worshiped by many different tribes, including the Khazraj, the Aws, the Nabataeans, the Hudhayl, and the Khuza'ah. Manat's main idol was a large black stone situated by the seashore at al-Mushallal in Qudayd, between the cities of Yathrib and Makkah. Manat is the daughter of Ruda and is the consort of Hubal. Like Hubal, Manat rules over divination, and this is understandable as she is the goddess of time and destiny. She is often mentioned in poetry as an old woman who leads heroes to the grave, and when unfortunate circumstances lead to death, it is believed that Manat has taken them. For the Arabs, this worldview was a one in which Manat could claim and destroy even the greatest of heroes in any way and when she desired. At the end of the pilgrimage, the Arabs would visit Manat's shrine and shave their heads. At Hegra, the Nabataeans invoked Manat to protect tombs, and it is mentioned that any who break the rules written on the tomb will have to pay a fine to the king, and also to Manat and Dhu'Shara (probably to go to their temples). She is also associated with another goddess, called Qaysha. Despite her associations with death and evil fate, Manat is also the goddess of good fate and good fortune. She allots portions or measures (qadar) of good and evil fate.
Mandah- A group of guardian gods responsible for irrigation.
Maryam- Maryam is the Arabic name for Mary, the mother of Yasu (Jesus), who was worshiped in Makkah along with the many gods and goddesses found in the sacred sanctuary there. Maryam also has a cult of women who offer her loaves of bread on auspiscious days.
Na'ilah- A hill and well goddess and the consort of Isaf. Her idol was in the form of a standing stone and stood on the hill of al-Marwa near Makkah, facing opposite the hill where Isaf was worshiped. During pilgrimages, worshipers run between the idols of Isaf and Na'ilah. They rule over the well of Zamzam and are gods of wells. Na'ilah was worshiped by the Kalb, Hudhayl, Khuza'ah, and Quraysh.
Nakruh- The god of hatred and brother of Wadd. He is also Wadd's enemy. Nakruh is considered to be a bringer of hate and ill-fortune, and he rules over the planet Nakruh (the planet Saturn), and so he may have connections with Canaanite Horon and Babylonian Ninurta. Nakruh is considered to be a solemn god, though he also had a healing shrine and sanctuary near the city of Ma'in. He was called Zuhal in Makkah.
Nasr- A vulture god and a god of death, old age, and wisdom. Nasr rules the desert where the vultures fly. He has domain over old age and the wisdom that it brings. He is the god of tribal elders. Nasr's idol is in the form of a vulture. He is connected with funeral rites, where the dead were left on a high place such as a tower or rock for the vultures, and the bones were later buried (similar to the Persian ones). The Himyarites worshiped Nasr in a place called Balkha and in a temple called Ri'am.
Nuha- Nuha is the consort of Ruda, and like him is said to bring both benevolent and malevolent emotions to the hearts of mortals. If a person is angry or jealous, it is due to Nuha. In some cases, if a person has a disease, it is by Nuha. Her name means 'the wise', and Assyrian writings refer to her as 'the elevated sun', which is probably a metaphor for a kind of wisdom or intelligence which the goddess possesses.
Nuhm- A god of fertility and hunting. He is consulted for hunting and ritual sacrifices are offered to him. The Muzaynah and Ida clans worshiped him.
Nukhay- A sun god. Worshiped by the Thamud and Safaitic tribes.
Obdat- King Obdat III was a Nabataean king who became deified as a god after his death. He was a slothful and lazy king, though he was involved in large amounts of diplomatic work for the Kingdom of Nabat. The Romans had hoped to gain an upper hand on the Arabian spice trade and so sent an army to Arabia. But King Obdat was cunning, and knew the desert very well. He sent his advisor to guide the Romans towards the southern Arabian incense groves- while leading them through miles of desert. Only a few Romans survived, and these soon returned home. After he died, his son- King Aretat IV founded the city of Abdat or Avdat in his honour, and built a temple to him there. Obdat's cult flourished in Sala, where he was worshiped in Al-Dier (the monastery). His cult is a cult for a deified king or hero- it is a one involving a small group of worshipers gathering at scheduled meetings to drink and hold a banquet in his honour (similar to the Canaanite marzeach). His royal tomb is at Abdat, his holy city.
Qaynan- The god of blacksmiths, craftsmen, and creation. He was worshiped in Hadramaut.
Qusai ibn Kilab ibn Murrah- Qusai is a saint in Arabian religion. He was the son of Kilab, who was son of Murrah, and a member of the Quraysh tribe. His elder brother Zuhrah founded the Zuhrah tribe. When his father died, his mother Fatimah married Rabi'ah of the Azra tribe, and by him had a son named Darraj. They then went and lived in Sham, where Qusai grew up with Rabi'ah as a father and the Azra. The Azra regarded him as a foreigner, and when Qusai complained to his mother, his mother told him that his ancestors were greater as they lived in the holy city of Makkah. Qusai then left Sham and returned to his home city, where his wisdom earned him the respect of Hulail, the chief of the Khuza'ah tribe who owned the Kaaba. Qusai married Hulail's daughter Hubba, and the trusteeship of the Kaaba passed to her after Hulail was killed in battle. Hubba then gave this to Qusai, who brought the Quraysh into Makkah to build their houses around the sacred sanctuary. Qusai became a king, and was a devotee of the goddess Allat, being called Wali'u'llat. One of his greatest creations was the building of the House of Assembly, where the clan leaders could gather and discuss important events. He also created a law so that pilgrims to Makkah were provided with food and water. He had many sons, including Abd-al-Dar, Abd-Manaf, and Abd-al-Uzzah.
Quzah- A mountain and weather god, who lives in the clouds and fires arrows of hail from his bow. Also the guardian of the rainbow, believed to be a ladder to the heavens. He sits on a throne flanked by two bulls, and eagles are sacrificed to him. He is the same as Qaush of the Edomites and therefore Dhu'Shara of the Nabataeans.
Ri'am- A temple (bayt) which stood in San'a and was visited by the Himyarites. Inside it was the idol of Nasr, and oracles would be made there.
Ruda- Ruda is an elder god who brought forth the other gods. His consort is Nuha and his daughter is Manat. The Assyrian king Asshurahiddin's annals mention that the Arabs worship Ruda as a chief god. Ruda's name means 'well-disposed' and show his role as a protective deity. He is linked to swords and spears, and to protection and defense. He is sometimes called Orath-il (Flame of God), and oaths are sworn to him under this name. Ruda is worshiped alongside Nuha and Atarsamain as part of a triad of gods worshiped by the Yumu'il confederation of northern Arabia, headed by the Kedarites. In addition, Ruda is the guardian of Shams. All things that come to pass (both good and bad) can be sometimes attributed to Ruda and Nuha. As a protective deity, Ruda is sometimes invoked in Aramaic inscriptions alongside Resheph. He was worshiped by several tribes, mostly southern Arabian but also by the Yumu'il tribes (including the Kedarites), the Nabataeans, the Tamim, the Rabi'ah, and the Tadmorites (as Mun'im).
Sa'd- A star god (of the constellations Pegasus, Capricorn, and Aquarius) whis augur good fortune. His idol is in the shape of a long rock, and meditating near his idol gives oracles and advice. He was worshiped by the Kinanah, Malik, and Milkan tribes on the seashore of Jeddah.
Sakkiya- A northern Arabian cloud and rain god worshiped by the Thamud tribe. He is chief of the cloud spirits.
Shams- The sun goddess worshiped particularly by the Himyarites and other southern Arabian kingdoms. She is a goddess of travellers and merchants, and the sun travels across the sky. She is also a goddess of healing and of clarity of mind (as the sun bursts through the darkness and brings light) and she is a goddess of exorcisms and warding off of evil spirits and demons. Shams is worshiped in the morning, at midday, and at evening. As the rising sun, she is called Dharih, and she is also known as Muharriq (the Burner). She is mentioned as the ancestor of several royal houses. Shams is part of an astral triad with Almaqah (or Sin, Hubal, Qamar) and Athtar. This has parallels to Sumerian and Babylonian theology. For the desert tribes though, Shams was feared for her ability to burn and scorch the grasslands.
Su'ayr- An oracular god whose sacred betyls (ansab) stand in a deep pit in the desert. People who perform tawaf around his betyl are rewarded by Su'ayr with an oracle. He was worshiped by the Anazah, Yaqdum, and Yadhkur tribes.
Suhayl- A star god (associated with Canopus). The Kaaba's south-eastern wall faces him.
Suwa- Suwa is a goddess of fertility and youth. She is the consort of the god Wadd. Her idol is in the form of a woman, and in ancient times it was placed in a temple at Yanbu, one of the villages of Yathrib. She bestows beauty and youth to her worshipers, and is also the goddess of the fertility of fields and pastures. Suwa was worshiped by the tribes of Hudhayl, Lihyan (the custodians of the idol and temple), Daws, Quraysh, and Khuza'ah.
Ta'lab- A god of prophecy, healing, and oracles. His idol is a palm tree. Worshipers carry votive healing amulets in the shape of body parts with Ta'lab's name inscribed on them. This worship was probably inspired by Roman healing cults. People visit his shrine for oracles. Ta'lab was worshiped by the Sabaeans, and at Tur'at, on the mountain of Jebel Itwa.
Wadd- A god of love, friendship, and affection who was worshiped by the Kaib tribe and by the Minaeans. Wadd is the son of Allat and brother of Hubal. Snakes are sacred to him. There was an idol of Wadd at the great oasis of Duma in the north, and two Minaeans are known to have erected an altar to him on the Greek island of Delos. His idol is in the shape of a man holding a bow, a sword, and a lance from which hung a flag. Wadd is invoked by friends and companions, and those feeling affection for others. A common practice is to wear a talisman with the word 'Wadd' written on it, to bring love and protect against hatred. He is a benevolent and loving god, and also the protector of cities. Wadd's enemy is the god Nakruh, who represents hatred and the ill fortune of the planet associated with him.
Yaghuth- A lion-god and a god of war and strength. His name means 'he helps', and his idol (in the shape of a lion) was carried into battle by warring tribes in hope that he would grant victory to them. He is also associated with wine as a drink of victory. The Madhhij and Jurash tribes worshiped him.
Yasu- Yasu is the Arabic name of Jesus, who travelled to Arabia with Arabian Christians. He was worshiped in Makkah alongside his mother Maryam.
Ya'uq- A horse-god and a god of preservation, protection, speed, agility, and revenge. Ya'uq was worshiped by the Khaywin and Hamdam tribes, and his idol was in the form of a horse and stood in a village called Khaywan. He is a god of speed and agility, and of escape from danger and evil. He preserves and protects his devotees from evil. Small horse idols are carried around for protection and are placed in tombs to defend against intruders.