Colonial Players As Well As/Instead of Europe & America?

hey, all. i thought it would be interesting to explore some possibilities as to potential colonial powers in the 19th century (and perhaps the 20th, too) besides the different European powers or the United States. a number of different countries established colonial empires of some capacity IOTL, but what if these countries and/or others retained their possessions through to the decolonization period?

one possibility that i've done limited research into is Oman, which had holdings in eastern Africa before the British and Germans arrived there. another one i've explored to an extent is Chile, with it possibly having holdings in Polynesia
 

scholar

Banned
Inspiration born from Victoria II?

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The various Indian ethnic groups were prolific colonizers, from Zanzibar to Bali. But by this time they were already under the control, or nearly under the control, of the English.

The Ottomans count, if you count Libya and can find a way for them to have some desire to expand that holding.

Morocco, under more competent leadership, would be able to increase the Moroccan holdings and resist colonization.

The Qing Dynasty was a limited colonizer. If you take a look at the map databases you'll see the Qing almost double in size. Give them the incentive to modernize and expand, and its possible.

The Latin American countries were too busy colonizing the Amazon, other rainforests, and Patagonia for greater feats, while America and Canada were colonizing their de jure claims.

Japan comes to mind as another colonizer.

But really the 19th century is a bit late for any real big colonizers that aren't European or European descended.
 
Japan, China, and the Ottomans, of course. Persia has potential, too, as does Egypt.

As for Latin America, it's possible that an alternate Brazil might move in on Portugal's African colonies. The Spanish-speaking countries of the Pacific Coast might show more interest in the islands - Besides Chile in Easter Island, there's also Ecuador in the Galapagos, Mexico in Clipperton, and Peru's "blackbirding" expeditions in the Polynesian islands of the South Pacific.
 
Brazilian colonies in Africa had occurred to me as well. if it gets to that, though, i'm not sure if Brazil would have enough influence to horn in on Portuguese colonies. but perhaps it could establish its own in place of OTL colonies? Spain was being eclipsed by other powers around that time, perhaps Brazil could get a more significant presence than Spain? or maybe in place of a German colony?
 
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