We need an earlier invention of photography. Let´s say, the Chinese invent them in ancient times, maybe transported on the silk road and reaching Europe in the Middle ages or Renaissance. maybe widespread photography in the 17th century. Moving pictures by 1800.
Not necessarily.
You could start animated pictures with "cartoons".
Cinema had indeed several precursor technologies in late nineteenth century, some of which could conceivably be pushed back earlier by some time (indeed, the Lumière brothers priority of invention is contested precisely because of this).
Actual cinema of course requires photography of course, and in a fairly advanced version really, but that could be developed quicker and earlier if the other pieces are already in places.
I would also note that available technology would be a significant constraint for style: is sound available, for instance? What about color? and so on. People like George Meliès were extraordinarily inventive within the means they had, but their movies were structurally different from what is produced now (or even in the thirties) because they operated under so much different technical conditions, among other things.
I admit that I would love to see, say, what William Blake or Claude Monet could have done as directors.