Beyond Bondage: A History of Postbellum Black America
"...by 1869, a full six years after the Treaty of Havana, it is estimated that between one to two thousand slaves escaped from the Confederacy per year as a new, more emboldened Underground Railroad was reestablished. Abolitionism had not died in the North, it had merely changed its stripes and techniques. The pace of escape was abetted by the lack of any interest in enforcing Fugitive Slave Acts "beyond the Ohio," as the Union began to be called down in Dixie. For despite the dangers, there was a large lobby in the South who viewed slavery as abhorrent and the entire institution of their state as a corrupt betrayal of ideals. Ironically, considering the power the Kuklos Klan organization held in both states, it was former Unionists in Tennessee and Kentucky who made up the bulk of the financing and infrastructure for slaves to flee northwards.
For those who stayed, life moved on as it always had on plantations and farms large and small. Unlike in the North, where factories continued to emerge and railroads snaked across the land, industry in the South remained undercapitalized, abetted by disinterest in setting duties or tariffs and thus being flooded with European industrial goods as a popular export market in return for its commodity exports. What little industry existed deployed slaves more than white laborers, despite the massive inefficiencies of industrial chattel labor, further discouraging immigration to the Confederacy. Indeed, even as early as 1870, many poor white Confederates "crossed the river" by entering the United States either at the Federal District's Potomac Quay, by boat into Baltimore on one of the small Chesapeake ferries that facilitated commerce between the two Americas, or at Cincinnati, one of the few Ohio River cities "open" to Confederate trade.
In the North many blacks found a society generally hostile to them. Lynchings were tragically common, especially in Indiana, Illinois and Missouri, border states with long and difficult racial histories. Most states discriminated heavily against black immigrants, and only a handful in New England allowed black men, a miniscule minority in most states, to vote. Nevertheless, the promise of the Abolition Amendments made many look the United States as a north star of freedom and liberty. Despite discrimination, despite violence both private and by the state, at least in the Union they were free..."
- Beyond Bondage: A History of Postbellum Black America
For those who stayed, life moved on as it always had on plantations and farms large and small. Unlike in the North, where factories continued to emerge and railroads snaked across the land, industry in the South remained undercapitalized, abetted by disinterest in setting duties or tariffs and thus being flooded with European industrial goods as a popular export market in return for its commodity exports. What little industry existed deployed slaves more than white laborers, despite the massive inefficiencies of industrial chattel labor, further discouraging immigration to the Confederacy. Indeed, even as early as 1870, many poor white Confederates "crossed the river" by entering the United States either at the Federal District's Potomac Quay, by boat into Baltimore on one of the small Chesapeake ferries that facilitated commerce between the two Americas, or at Cincinnati, one of the few Ohio River cities "open" to Confederate trade.
In the North many blacks found a society generally hostile to them. Lynchings were tragically common, especially in Indiana, Illinois and Missouri, border states with long and difficult racial histories. Most states discriminated heavily against black immigrants, and only a handful in New England allowed black men, a miniscule minority in most states, to vote. Nevertheless, the promise of the Abolition Amendments made many look the United States as a north star of freedom and liberty. Despite discrimination, despite violence both private and by the state, at least in the Union they were free..."
- Beyond Bondage: A History of Postbellum Black America
. Still for a moment i thought one of the wittelbasch(ie bavarians) would go into play...well Nappy III can scream but he know better not handled other conflict with germany again