Chronology: Reconstruction of the Roman Empire under the Carolingian dynasty

[Mario]

Decade of 950s


950: The armies loyal to Frederick approach Sicily. Liutprand and his loyal men try to flee to the island of Malta, controlled by Tunis, but their fleet wrecks near Lampedusa. The Tunisians don't allow the Romans to navigate there.

951: Frederick, proclaimed as 'the Great', gives birth to the 'Middle Empire': the Empire is slightly centralized and better reorganized. The former Saxon duchies and Silesia are formally annexed as Imperial duchies. The civil war continues in Spain, as the vassal King of Castile refuses to recognize Frederick as Emperor.

952: The British Danes suffer an unexpected and harsh defeat against the Kingdom of Norway in the waters of Northumbria.

953: The Serbs resume war with Byzantium, but this time they are severely defeated in Tessalia. The Sultanate of Egypt is finally recognized as an independent entity by the Arab Caliphate.

954: Frederick the Great strips the title of King of Castile after defeating the final resistence in Spain: the Imperial Spain (excluding Vasconia) is divided into two specially militarized duchies, the West Gothia and the East Gothia.

955: Frederick the Great reaches a secret agreement with the Tunisians and they finally manage to capture Liutprand in Lampedusa, who is immediately executed. End of the Roman civil war.

956: The British Danes expand their dominion to Northern Ireland and the isle of Man.

957: The Byzantines defeat the Arab Caliphate in Cilicia and recover part of the region, but fail once again to invade Cyprus.

958: Magyar-Bulgar war: the Magyars invade Wallachia. The Treaty of Stymma sets the new Magyar-Bulgar border along the Danube river.

959: Inestability in the Danish Britain: the sudden death of childless King Hartacnut II triggers the creation of three different factions of nobles which fight for the power.

 

[Mario]

Map of Europe in 960

Including the duchies of the reunified Middle Roman Empire.

 

[Solidbarrage]

Why did Fredrick change the name to Middle Roman empire? Are we gonna get a scene where chinas like "im the middle kingdom" and Rome's like "well I'm the middle empire."

 

[Mario]

Why did Fredrick change the name to Middle Roman empire? Are we gonna get a scene where chinas like "im the middle kingdom" and Rome's like "well I'm the middle empire."

No, officially he did not change the name of the Roman Empire. It's an 'historical tag' just to highlight a new organization of the state.

 

[Mario]

Decade of 960s


960: The Emperor of the Magyars and all his court convert to Eastern Christianism, thus consolidating peace with Bulgaria and Byzantium.

961: Danish civil war: the supporters of Eric the Barefoot flee from Britain and establish their headquarters in the Danish Gaul. Independence de facto of Brittany and Normandy (but keeping the claim over the Danish-Bristish throne).

962: The Kingdom of Norway intervenes in the Danish war supporting Hartacnut III as King. His cousin Olaf is defeated in the battle of the Humber.

963: Asturias and Galicia are briefly reunited under the reign of Ferdinand the Fair. The Byzantines push his Eastern border once again up to the Euphrates river, following the decline of the Arab Caliphate.

964: New uprising in Macedonia: the Serbs conquers most of remaining inner Greece after supporting Nikolaos Vazis as duke of Macedonia. Macedonia becomes a vassal state of Serbia; the Byzantine Epyros gets isolated from the rest of the Empire.

965: The Romans assert sovereignty over the island of Lampedusa and claim Malta for the Empire, but the Tunisians refuse to attend Frederick's demands.

966: The Pomeranian missionaries reach the mouth of the Vistula river and establish the foundation of the monastery and city of Marienburg, assisted by some Slavic minor chiefs converted to Christianism.

967: Eric the Barefoot fails to send a military fleet to Cornwall. Uprising of the Britons against Eric, who managed to massacre many of them in Rennes.

968: The first Turkic hordes from the steppes arrive in Crimea, but they are successfully defeated by the Magyars.

969: Frederick the Great approves the funding of a new and magnificent cathedral in Pavia.

 

[taxidea]

Just read through this TL and I am enjoying it so far. I enjoy the detail that a Frankish conquest of Denmark led to an exodus of Danes to Britain.

 

[Mario]

Just read through this TL and I am enjoying it so far. I enjoy the detail that a Frankish conquest of Denmark led to an exodus of Danes to Britain.

Thanks for reading

 

[Mario]

Decade of 970s


970: The Byzantine Empire consolidate its recovery in Anatolia after reconquering the strategic city of Melitene, while continue to retrocede in Greece under the strong pressure of the Serbs.

971: The Sultanate of Egypt conquers Palestine, including the city of Jerusalem. Eric the Barefoot is murdered in Normandy by Danish-British agents and his cousin Olaf succeeds him.

972: After a brief conflict between Tunisian and Sicilian fleets, the Emir of Tunis cedes the control over Malta to the Romans. In exchange, the Romans evacuate the island of Pantellaria.

973: Malta is incorporated into the duchy of Sicily and repopulated with Sicilian Latin population. The Serbs crushes a large Byzantine army near Patras.

974: Following the collapse of the Arab Caliphate in the Levant, the Byzantines reconquer the important city of Antiochia. However, the armies of the Egyptian Sultanate prevent the Byzantines to expand further south into Syria.

975: The Kingdom of Norway intervenes again in the Danish Kingdom of Britain, in order to protect the pro-Norwegian King Hartacnut III from a powerful rebellion of noblemen which control most of Mercia.

976: The governor of Dyrrachium begs Frederick the Great the Roman protection against the Serbs. The Byzantines start a new invasion of Cyprus.

977: The Roman fleets arrive in the coasts of Epyrus and the Serbs move back to the mountains. A non-official Roman protectorate over Byzantine Epyrus is established, with local support.

978: The Byzantines succeed to invade Cyprus, but they are unable to halt the Serbian advances in Greece. The Arab Caliphate loses its last positions in the Mediterranean coast: the Sultanate of Egypt conquers Laodicea and threatens Byzantine Antiochia.

979: The Roman protectorate of the Epyrus is expanded up to Corfú. Peace between Arabs and Egyptians in the Levant.

 

[Mario]

Map of Europe in 980

 

[Mario]

Decade of 980s


980: In the Greater Poland, the christianization of the Polish chief Mieszko opens the area to the Roman missionaries and Roman political influence.

981: The Mercian alliance defeats the Norwegians near Birmingham and advances towards London, but they are halted by the loyal army of King Hartacnut III.

982: Death of Emperor Frederick the Great. His son Frederick II succeeds him as new Emperor.

983: A Turkic confederation defeats a large Magyar army in the mouth of the Don river, forcing a Magyar retreat to the west.

984: Galicia and Asturias separate again after the death of Ferdinand the Fair. Galicia ensures control of Conimbriga, disputed with the Emirate of Cordoba.

985: The Mercian alliance finally abandons the area of Birmingham after repeated failures in breaking the line of the loyals in the East. Their leaders decide to camp in the southern coast, in front of the isle of Wight.

986: The Byzantines recover part of northern Syria, as the Sultanate of Egypt decides to retreat partially to the south up to the Lebanese coast.

987: Civil war in Bulgaria: the Byzantines support the faction of Boris the Blondhaired against his pro-Serbian cousin Vladimir Tuzov.

988: After an outbreak of pest in Silesia, the Emperor Frederick II repopulates it partly with Bavarian settlers.

989: Battle of the isle of Wight: the Norwegians attack the Mercian alliance in southern Britain after a secret large Norwegian expedition reached the isle of Wight unnoticed by the Mercians.

 

[Mario]

Decade of 990s


990: The massive flight of Mercian rebels to Normandy triggers the Roman intervention in that duchy, along with the Norwegians.

991: A Slavic uprising in the duchy of Croatia is suffocated by Henry the Hunter, the younger brother of the Emperor Frederick II.

992: Normandy is occupied by Roman and Norwegian forces. The Danish duke of Normandy flees to neighbouring Brittany, with Mercian assistance.

993: The Turkic Confederation of the Yellow Ribbon destroys the Saffarid Kingdom of Persia, threatening the Arab Caliphate.

994: The Byzantines finally conquer the city of Laodicea, while the Egyptians keep on withdrawing their military forces north of the Lebanon.

995: The Danish dukes of Brittany and Normandy are captured, tonsured and secluded in a monastery. Normandy and Brittany are officially incorporated into the Roman Empire.

996: Uprising of the Britons against Rome. In the Danish Kingdom of Britain, Hartacnut III dies childless; he is succeeded by the Norwegian candidate, Kristian the Terrible, who launches a series of persecutions against the remaining rebels in Mercia.

997: Henry the Hunter crushes the Briton uprising. The coasts of the British Channel are finally peacified.

998: Frederick II creates the duchy of the Epirus along with many other duchies across the Empire, in order to downsize the territorial power of some dukes.

999: The Byzantines expell the Serbs from some regions in the inner Greece. The Emirate of Cordoba withdraws from some regions in the central Maghreb, after a Berber uprising there.

 

[Mario]

Map of the Roman Empire in year 1000

This shows the main ethnic-linguistic division between Latin, Germanic and Slavic population:

 

[Mario]

The 88 duchies of the Roman Empire


The English toponym is a direct translation of their official Latin name. The German toponym does not always coincide with a plain translation of the Latin name:


Alamannia ( Alamannien )
Alsace ( Elsass )
Angria ( Engern )
Anjou ( Andgern )
Apulia ( Apulien )
Ardennes ( Ardennen )
Auvergne ( Arwern )
Balearic Islands ( Balearen )
Bohemia ( Böhmen )
Brabant ( Brabant )
Brittany ( Kleinbritten )
Calabria ( Kalabrien )
Cantabria ( Kantabrien )
Carinthia ( Kärntern )
Carniola ( Krain )
Castile ( Kastilien )
Champagne ( Kempen )
Cologne ( Rheinfranken )
Corsica ( Korse )
Croatia ( Kroatien )
Dalmatia ( Dalmatien )
East Avaria ( Ostawaren )
East Bavaria ( Ostbayern )
Eastphalia ( Ostfalen )
Emilia ( Ämilien )
Epirus ( Äpiren )
Flanders ( Flandern )
Franconia ( Mainfranken )
Frisia ( Friesland )
Friuli-Venice ( Friaul & Venedig )
Funen ( Fünen )
Further Pomerania ( Hinterpommern )
Gothia ( Ostgothen )
Greater Lombardy ( Grosslangbärten )
Guelders ( Geldern )
Helvetia ( Waadt )
Hesse ( Hessen )
Hither Pomerania ( Vorpommern )
Holland ( Holland )
Lesser Lombardy ( Kleinlangbärten )
Limousin ( Lemowien )
Lower Aquitaine ( Niederguïennen )
Lower Burgundy ( Niederburgunden )
Lower Moravia ( Niedermähren )
Lower Silesia ( Niederschlesien )
Lusatia ( Lausitz )
Misnia ( Meissen )
Naples ( Neupel )
New Saxony ( Neusachsen )
New Swabia ( Neuschwaben )
Normandy ( Nordmannien )
North Bavaria ( Nordbayern )
North Jutland ( Nordjütland )
North Vasconia ( Nordwasken )
Nosen ( Nösnerland )
Orleans ( Liegerfranken )
Palatinate ( Pfalz )
Paris ( Seinerfranken )
Picardy ( Pikardien )
Poitou ( Peitland )
Pressburg ( Pressburg )
Provence ( Provenz )
Rania ( Rügen )
Rhetia ( Rätien )
Rome ( Rom )
Ruthenia ( Reussen )
Sardinia ( Sardinien )
Savonia ( Sauland )
Saxony ( Sachsen )
Septimania ( Siebenbürgen )
Sicily ( Sizilien )
South Jutland ( Südjütland )
South Vasconia ( Südwasken )
Swabia ( Schwaben )
Thuringia ( Thüringen )
Tuscany ( Tusken )
Tyrol ( Tirol )
Upper Aquitaine ( Oberguïennen )
Upper Burgundy ( Oberburgunden )
Upper Moravia ( Obermähren )
Upper Silesia ( Oberschlesien )
Valence ( Südgothen )
Weissburg ( Weissburg )
Wendland ( Wendland )
West Avaria ( Westawaren )
West Bavaria ( Westbayern )
Westphalia ( Westfalen )
Zaragoza ( Westgothen )

 

[Mario]

Decade of 1000s


1000: Henry the Hunter marries Princess Ingmar of Norway, sister of King Harald the Delicate. The Turks of the Yellow Ribbon occupy most of the southwestern shore of the Caspian Sea.

1001: The Ayyumite tribe of southern Morocco impose his hegemony over the Seven Tribal Kingdoms, thus creating the unified Emirate of the Ayyumites.

1002: New Briton uprising; after another massacre and persecution, most of the anti-Roman leaders depart from the continent and seek refuge in Ireland.

1003: In Serbia, Vladimir the Black seizes the power in the southern half of the Kingdom, with presumed Bulgarian support.

1004: The Norwegians found the first permanent settlements in Iceland. The Faeroe Islands are formally incorporated into the Kingdom.

1005: The Britons exiled in Ireland found the Kingdom of Munster in the southwest, which will be repeatedly attacked by the Danish-Irish from the East.

1006: The Ayyumites defeat a large Berber league and expands its Emirate by nearly all the Morocco not actually controlled by Cordoba.

1007: King Harald the Delicate dies of illness without a heir. Henry the Hunter claims the Norwegian crown for his baby son Gerhard, but the Norwegian noblemen rejects it: an interregnum starts under the effective power of the duke of Rogaland, who also claims the crown.

1008: The Norwegians expell the Danish-British from most of Caledonia, but fail to ensure a permanent control over the area. Henry the Hunter seizes the power in Scania and Zealand, and establish his headquarters in Lund.

1009: First Norwegian trip from Iceland to the Greenlandic coast. The Shetlands are also incorporated into Norway.

 

[Mario]

Decade of 1010s


1010: The Magyar Empire is defeated by the Don Turks in the plain north of Crimea, but a series of violent storms prevent them to advance into the peninsula.

1011: Cordoban-Ayyumite war for the control of northern Morocco. The Byzantines intervene in the Serbian civil war, which also triggers war with Bulgaria, who supported Vladimir the Black's rule in the southern half of Serbia.

1012: Henry the Hunter defeats the duke of Rogaland and his allies in Halland. His son Gerhard wins the right to be crowned as new King of Norway.

1013: The Byzantines defeat the Arab Caliphate in Raqqa, ensuring the effective Byzantine control over all the northern half of Syria.

1014: The Danish Kingdom of Britain occupy the southern half of Wales; some of the Welsh leaders opt to exile in the Kingdom of Munster.

1015: Iceland is formally incorporated to the Norwegian Crown. First permanent settlement in Greenland.

1016: The Ayyumites defeat the forces of the Emirate of Cordoba in Rusaddir: collapse of the Cordoban power in the Maghreb.

1017: A new plot of the Norwegian noblemen tries to remove Henry the Hunter from the power. The father of the underage Norwegian King seeks the military help of his brother, Frederick II of Rome.

1018: Ayyumite troops cross the strait of Gibraltar. The Byzantines conquer most of southern Serbia after the murder of Vladimir the Black by their agents.

1019: The new duchy of the Greater Poland is formally established, expanding the Roman borders to the East.

 

[Mario]

Europe in 1020

 

[Max Sinister]

As soon as there's a land connection betwwen the new Empire and Constantinople on the Balcans, we'll have the needed connection for trade and exchange of culture and science.

 

[johnfox77]

As soon as there's a land connection betwwen the new Empire and Constantinople on the Balcans, we'll have the needed connection for trade and exchange of culture and science.

According to the map there already is one in the Epirus area, though Serbia looks ripe for a quick anexation.

 

[RyuDrago]

As soon as there's a land connection betwwen the new Empire and Constantinople on the Balcans, we'll have the needed connection for trade and exchange of culture and science.

Why the need of a direct land connection? The Mediterranean naval routes are much more better.

 

[Mario]

Decade of 1020s


1020: The first Norwegian expeditions arrive in Helluland. Death of the last Serbian King Vladislav the Pious while fighting the Byzantines in Nis.

1021: The Ayyumites occupy most of the valley of Guadalquivir and besiege Cordoba. The last Cordoban enclaves in northwestern Morocco are also stormed by the Ayyumite forces.

1022: The Byzantines offer the Romans to divide the collapsing kingdom of Serbia between them. In the East, the Byzantine-Bulgarian war resumes with more violent clashes in the nearby of Sofia.

1023: Fall of Cordoba: the former Emirate is abolished and the new Ayyumite Caliphate is proclaimed there, controlling both southern Spain and western Maghreb.

1024: Henry the Hunter, with Roman assistance, defeats the Norwegian alliance against him. Norway is pacified under his rule jointly with his son, the King Gerhard.

1025: Partition of Serbia: the former kingdom is abolished; the north forms the Roman duchy of Serbia while the south is officially divided in three Byzantine themas.

1026: The new Byzantine Emperor Theophanes begs Frederick II to return the control of Epyrus back to Constantinople, but the Roman Emperor refuses, arguing that this is key for the safety of southern Italy.

1027: New Slavic Uprising in the Greater Poland and Silesia after new Germanic settlers are sent there in order to transform depopulated areas in productive farmland. First Norwegians expeditions arrive in Markland.

1028: Death of Frederick II. His son Manfred is crowned new Emperor; Manfred will be the first Emperor to use the Middle Standard Germanic in the administration.

1029: The Don Turks are absorbed by the greater Confederation of the Yellow Ribbon: the first Turkish Empire is created, with first capital in the city of Meru, controlling a vast territory between the valleys of the Dniepr and the Indus.