Starts with no Lousiana Purchase. Britain demands it as spoils from France at Napoleon's loss in 1814. Follow that with the British winning in 1812. Britain takes the Indians as a protectorate from the Appalachains to the Louisian Territory. Canada is one Dominion. The Indian realm essentially becomes another. The 13 colonies remain independant. Maybe Ohio, eastern Tenn/Ky are part of the US. You end up with Mexico in the southwest, Canada in the North, Indians in the Midwest, and the US on the east coast. If the British "protect" the Indian areas, you'll see another war as people will migrate west and conflicts will erupt. Britain will not have much foreign involvement so they should be able to win that war in the 1830-40 area. You'd think after a couple of wars, they'll have a lot of impetus to try to further punish the US. This all strengthens Canada and if the UK continues to pen in the US, Canada could compete with the US.
Well... Canada could have had... you know.... expanded in the expenses of US. There were times when this was possible indeed. Have 1812 War went even better for the Brits (and thus also the Canadians) and Canada could have expanded to swallow all of the Great Lakes. Possibly even more.
Olorin42's way seems quite possible as well.
My challenge to you is, with a POD after the British North America Acts of 1867
In other words, there is probably no way to actually meet the challenge. There is no question that a pre-1812 PoD can make a huge difference, the problem is after that. The ?OP? was specifically after 1867, which not only after 1812, but the US Civil War. So I think the challenge is pretty much impossible.
After 1812, the only way to get Canada even remotely equal to the US is to take the US down a few pegs, e.g. South separates, Texas, California and Oregon never become part of the Union. Even so, it would be tough, really tough.
Impossible, for reasons of simple geography. Specifically, the US has much more inhabitable land than Canada, and can support a much larger population. The US will always, naturally, be (at least) several times larger than Canada, and there's really no way to change that without changing the Earth's climate geologic history.
Correct. More specifically, look at a population map of Canada. Some incredible percentage of the population lives within 100 miles of the US border, because that's the only farmable land.
For a plausible scenario with a rather earlier PoD, see my sig, or search for (YACW) (yet another Canada wank, but not spelled out that way).