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In OTL, there were a large number of invasions of Egypt, launched from France, the HRE, Byzantium, and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, aimed at conquering Egypt for Christendom. Some of these even experienced temporary success. These included the Fifth, Seventh, and Eighth Crusades, as well as the Alexandrian Crusade. What would have to change for one of these crusades to successfully take and hold a large portion of Egypt, for a period of several generations? Also, how might this have affected the Near East in the future?

Feel free to answer either or both questions, though the first one is my main interest.
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