Buddhism as the world's largest religion.

How's this? Buddhism expands in India at the expense of Hinduism as IOTL, spreads to Tibet and East Asia, then the White Huns or somebody like them (Saka, Tocharians) conquer Persia and spread Buddhism there. Eventually, you have Buddhism dominating from the eastern Mediterranean to Japan. Is this possible or ASB?

How would Western variants of Buddhism diverge from the OTL eastern ones, in any case?
 
Practical Lobster's Rise of the White Huns TL is pretty much exactly this. As for whether I think it's realistic, I think a better option would be a conversion of the Seleucid elite, and Buddhist influence persisting under later rulers. The Sassanids OTL were very interventionist in Arabia (the Gulf Coast was a core province, the Lakhmids a long-established vassal state, and in the 500s the Sassanids conquered Yemen from the Axumites and Persian soldiers pretty much became the local aristocracy) to secure trade and naval supremacy, and so having that interventionism be accompanied by a religion more evangelical than Zoroastrianism would have big effects on Arabia's ideological climate. Big enough to butterfly Islam, potentially. Maybe you'd see an Arab Buddhist empire rise briefly and then fall later, similar to Tibet. Christianity is tough, I think some Messianic religion grounded in Jewish ideas might still emerge but maybe have the Greek mystery cults successfully defeat it early on.
 
Make Buddhism majority religion in India. And butterfly Christianity and Islam away so Buddhism can spread to Central Asia and East Europe.
 
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