Bog, Vozhd, Rodina - The History of the All-Russian People’s State

Who do you think it’s the Vozhd gonna be ?


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RISE OF THE VOZHD: BEFORE THE PARTY
RISE OF THE VOZHD
BEFORE THE PARTY

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A figure stands by himself in the concert hall, looking outside as the rain falls, it was not a storm but more of a... melancholic one, like if the clouds weren’t even making an effort. But isn’t rain a melancholic affair for a cloud ? From it’s formation over a body of water, it has a long journey that ends in the rain, the rain is the cloud dying so that others could live, plants, animals, humans, all live thanks to the rain. “Isn’t the cloud like me ?” The Vozhd thought, every day he was making an extraordinary effort taking harsh decisions, dying little by little every day as he sacrificed his body for his nation. He continue to observe as the thin drops of water went to the ground, the animals looking for shelter under the trees, specifically he was watching as a family of birds hid inside an oak, “Isn’t the tree like me ?” Of course it was, the rain for them was a danger, they couldn’t fly in the midst of the drops of water, so they took shelter, looking for protection during dark times, just like the people of Russia when they came to him.

Mikhail Nikolaevich Tukhachevsky, the Vozhd of the All-Russian People’s State, leader of the Partiya natsional'nogo obnovleniya Rossii (PNOR), and so many other titles, was feeling inspired that night. Always an admirer of music, he stepped back from the window, turning back to the opulent concert hall of his Dacha, he went to the Piano, grabbing a Violin casket on its top and opening it, revealing his great passion in the house. With the Violin in hands, he walked back towards the window, and as he watched the rain fall, he started reminiscing about a bygone era, one where he didn’t have so many worries and responsibilities, a more simple time back in Alexandrovsky, the small town near Smolensk where he grew up.


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“Mikhail, don’t forget to make us proud my son, serve with the honor and dignity of a noble, our family's name will be passed on you, wherever you go you shall carry us all with you.” Those were the last words he heard from his father, it was the day he would become a man, the day he went to the Moscow Military School. Before him, the greatest name of the Tukhachevsky family was his Great-Grandfather, an Colonel in the 14th Olonets Infantry Regiment, who served in the Russo-Polish war of 1830 under Tsar Nicholas I, dying during the Battle of Warsaw in 1831. The name Tukhachevsky was from a family of poor nobles, the low nobility that was only different from the majority of the population in virtue of their names, it’s origin was based in a legend, of a Flemish noble and a Turkish wife settling in Russia during the Crusades, although it is generally unknown if such origin has truth in it, the fact remains that the Tukhachevsky family was a very minor one, that would go to become the most powerful one in Russia in a matter of years. The echo of his father’s order would motivate young Mikhail to excel in his career, he would be transferred to the Alexandrovskoye Military school in 1914 where he graduated and joined the Semyonovsky Lifeguard Regiment, one of the oldest and most traditional in Russia as a Second Lieutenant.

I am convinced that all that is needed in order to achieve what I want is bravery and self-confidence. I certainly have enough self-confidence.... I told myself that I shall either be a general at thirty, or that I shall not be alive by then.

Mikhail was an exemplary soldier during the war, serving with distinction in the frontlines and receiving the Order of Saint Vladimir, the Order of Saint Anna, and the Order of Saint Stanislaus. He also shown great military potential as an officer, with the use of innovative aggressive tactics, with the use of concentrated attacks and infiltration tactics that would be used by German Stormtroopers later on the war. One thing that shouldn’t be denied was his determination to serve his motherland, being captured as prisoner in 1915 and escaping 4 times until he would finally be transferred to the Fortress Prison of Ingolstadt, one called “inescapable” by the Germans. There he would meet with a French army Captain that matched his patriotism: Charles Marie de Gaulle.

The most reliable source on the stay of both de Gaulle and Tukhachevsky inside the “Bavarian Castle” was French Journalist Remy Roure, operating under the pseudonym of Pierre Fervacque. Roure was a journalist to Le Monde that registered his encounters with many prisoners, he observed that Tukhachevsky’s favorite pastime was playing his Violin, and would share a cell with the French captain. Mikhail’s political ideas at the time were observed by Roure, who noted a heavily anti-Semitic and Nihilistic tone of his world view, although anti-semitism was common in Russia, Roure noted Tukhachevsky’s radicalism about it. He blamed the Jews for bringing Christianity and the “Morality of Capital” to Russia while praising the old barbaric customs of the Slavic peoples, he also showed an extreme aversion to Socialism and Christianity, although the later seemed to have either disappeared or remained hidden very well.

“Socialist? Certainly not! What a need for classification you have! Besides, the great socialists are Jews and the socialist doctrine is a branch of universal christianity. I laugh at money, and whether the land is divided up or not is all one to me. The barbarians, my ancestors, lived in common, but they had chiefs. No, I detest socialists, Jews and Christians.”
The future Vozhd of All-Russias showed some of his greatest political characteristics at the time, he would also grow to violently oppose Freemasons, especially after the New Year Revolution as Kerensky and many other leaders of the new Russian Republic were members of a Freemason Lodge. Tukhachevsky would manage to escape Ingolstadt during the last weeks of the war, arriving just after the disaster of the Kerensky offensive. He had already grown a fame for himself as a determined patriot before, but escaping the “inescapable Bavarian Fortress” was something that helped create his myth as a War Hero. But there was nothing the now-Colonel Tukhachevsky, the same rank his ancestor had on his death, could do to turn the tide, and the signing of the Peace of Lublin crushed his spirit with defeat.

The History of Mikhail Tukhachevsky could’ve ended there, he already made his family name known and made his household proud, he could live off his military pension and write his memoirs in a book. But the young and ambitious mind of the future Vozhd couldn’t be satisfied, he was a soldier and couldn’t abandon his Motherland to the “Jews, Freemasons, and Bolsheviks”. His nationalism, only exacerbated by the experiences of the war and his years in prison, demanded that he saved his country, that he would avenge the defeat and bring Russia to greatness once again.

At that moment, the Vozhd heard a thunder, with a bright flash in the horizon, he finished his song and put his violin back in the casket. The door was knocked thrice, he turned to face it, his hands behind his back. “Come in”, he said and a guard opened the door and entered, clicking his boots. “My Vozhd, your daughter Svetlana.” He then would retreat back as a child, 6 years old and dressed in pajamas, entered the hall where her father, the most beloved and feared man of Eurasia, looked at her with a smile. As the door closed, the Vozhd went down to one knee and embraced his daughter as she rushed to hug him.

“Svetlana, what are you doing awake at this hour ?” Mikhail asked in a calm and sweet voice, one that no one ever heard except his daughter, Svetlana was the single person he valued the most in the world, even more than her mother. “Did you hear the noise, daddy ? The sky is angry.” Of course she was referring to the thunder, she was still so young and innocent, who could blame her for being scared of a thunder ? “Sweetheart, that was just a thunder, we are safe here, do you want me to tell you a bedtime story ?” Svetlana, looking at her father’s eyes, nodded with her fear passing, afterall her father would protect her from whatever it came right ? “Then let us go, before your mother wakes up.” At that moment the Vozhd wasn’t a feared totalitarian ruler of the greatest nation on earth, now he was just a father comforting his child, the two would leave the room, Svetlana’s little hand wrapping around her father’s finger, with Tukhachevsky glancing back to his concerto hall for a moment before the door closed.

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(Congratulations to @omrk @BeardedHoplite @JDF_01 @Light_Star 1 @LordandsaviorKloka @Gajah_Nusantara @FranzAncheNo @Yankeewolf @Sarthak Bikram Panta and @WHumboldt for successfully guessing the identity of the Vozhd. Although I must add that some of the characters of the list are still gonna be relevant in the Timeline.)
 
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OBS: All those quotes (except his father’s) were made by the real Tukhachevsky, when confronted IOTL about them, he claimed that he was “Politically unrefined”.
 
I think a mix of the two always works best, it keeps the story moving along in an overseeable way while still keeping it grounded in the characters it's describing.
 
RISE OF THE VOZHD: THE HOPE OF A NEW RUSSIA
RISE OF THE VOZHD
THE HOPE OF A NEW RUSSIA

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Speculating about alternative history is not the duty of a historian, but no man can deny that once you study history you will wonder what if things were different. What if Napoleon never became Emperor ? What if the Swedish forces of Karl XII had defeated the Russians in Poltava ? History is full of these questions and probably the most famous one is what if the Russian Republic had survived. Enough books to build a whole library were dedicated to examine what many consider as the most evil regime in human history, and one thing that seems unanimous between them is that the PNOR would’ve never managed to achieve power if the Russian situation wasn’t precisely as it was. If the conditions were any poorer, the Bolsheviks might’ve been able to seize the opportunity they had in the early Republic, if they were any better, then the Liberal Republic would’ve survived. One thing cannot be denied, Tukhachevsky and his movement were incredibly lucky to be in Russia, had they created their party in America, Britain, or another developed democracy, they would’ve been sniffed out, left for irrelevancy not even worthy to be mentioned, but they lived in a weak democracy.

There are many theories on why the Russian Republic fell to such Totalitarian weakness, initially the first analysis made by American Historian Orville Westwood in his book “The Triumph of Moscow” published in 1937, and is much based on Historical Determinism of Russia. According to Westwood’s analysis, since the time of the Russian principalities the country had a tendency towards Autocracy and it’s decisive moment was the Battle of Shelon, when the relatively democratic Veche Republic of Novgorod was defeated by Ivan III’s Principality Muscovy. Westwood claims that the triumph of the Autocratic Moscow against the Democratic Novgorod, would change the Russian political landscape, with the formula of “Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationality” forever guiding the fate of Russia, with the intransigence of the 19th Century Tsars to pursue reform preventing any democratic experience from arising. The Russian people, according to Westwood, was “forever stuck in the Authoritarian mentality, they were so used to an autocratic paternalistic leader that they didn’t know what to do once he was gone, it was only natural they would be drawn to another Autocrat like Tukhachevsky”.

The “Autocratic thesis” of Westwood would be a dominant one for decades, shaping the way of how the Free world saw Russia until the 1970s when British Historian Sir Arthur Kershaw, claimed the fall of the Russian Republic “was a tragedy, not an inevitability”. In the book “The Rise and Fall of Russian Democracy”, published in 1975, Kershaw takes an opposite direction to Westwood, claiming that the Republic, while stuck in a tenuous situation, could’ve survived its initial periods of crisis and entrench itself internally. Instead he blames the own liberal nature of the Republic, claiming that “Democracy, while a virtuous idea, must be tempered with necessary restrictions to prevent it’s own fall. The forces that desire to destroy freedom cannot be protected by said freedom”. The Russian Republic at the time had the most liberal political and social constitution in the world, as many of it’s founders were once persecuted by authoritarian forces of the Tsar. As consequence, groups like the Bolsheviks, the Black Hundreds, the PNOR, the Social Revolutionaries, and other groups, many opposed to the Republic, to operate through paramilitary forces and launch rallies and protests against the very Democracy that allowed them to operate. This thesis has been heavily criticized by Libertarian groups who claim that there is no point in democracy if it needs to go against its principles to protect itself.

There are other history thesis on why the Republic fell, but this isn’t the focus here, instead I shall provide an analysis of the events during the most turbulent period in Russian history since the Time of Troubles and the reader may draw it’s own conclusions about the Russian Tragedy.

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In August 1917, Russia would enter its first month of peace in years, millions of soldiers were demobilized and returned to their homes. It was a short period of time between the last days of July and the first week of August when the nation seemed to have halted, with millions of families mourning the loss of loved ones while others celebrated their return, and others were now divided by the new borders. But once that period ended, the divisions started arising again, with many nationalist officers and soldiers accusing the government of betraying the Entente and signing Eastern Europe away to their Teutonic enemy, while others blamed the government for continuing the war for months, including launching an ill-advised offensive that butchered thousands of young men for no reason.

The Provisional Government had no more excuses for delaying the elections, Minister-President Aleksandr Kerensky called for a general election to form a Constitutional Assembly on the First day of September. While he hoped that bringing peace would calm down the tensions at home, he saw that the anger was now being redirected to other matters, such as land reform, worker’s rights, economy, and some separatism. Kerensky’s coalition with the Petrograd Soviet was already a shaky one, and the return of Lenin only made matters worse as the radical Bolsheviks grew their power inside the Soviets, advocating for a revolution.

Meanwhile, right-wing radical groups would begin to rise, including what would be the future PNOR, but for now the main force was no doubt the Black Hundreds. While most of it’s leadership was already arrested, Vladimir Purishkevich, a powerful reactionary aristocrat that became the essential leader of the movement after the New Year Revolution. The Black Hundreds would start to grow massively in numbers as disgruntled former soldiers would join it, all while they called for the abolition of the Soviets (Yet Purishkevich would not openly attack the Duma in fear of being arrested). A neutral observer could imagine that the future of the Russian Far-Right was to be dominated by the Black Hundreds and their reactionary rhetoric, but history likes to change things with an upset, something small like one death can change the course of history forever. One could wonder what would’ve happened if the Black Hundreds reached power instead of National Renewal movement, it probably wouldn’t have changed much as many Black Hundredists joined the PNOR, with both supporting anti-semitism, ultranationalism, and traditionalism, the only difference would’ve probably been a crown.

The assassination of Vladimir Purishkevich happened on the 3rd of September, the day that the Constitutional Assembly would meet for the first time, as Purishkevich managed to get a seat thanks to his reactionary base. A Social-Revolutionary terrorist, that was once exiled by the Tsarist government for assassination, Maria Spiridonova, would kill him with two shots in front of his house as he headed to the Assembly. His assassination would be a death kneel to the Black Hundreds, with now all of its major leadership either arrested or dead, the movement would dissolve itself in the coming months, with most of it’s members joining radical groups, including the PNOR, the death of Purishkevich would be a decisive factor in the rise of Tukhachevsky.

The Constitutional Assembly formed in September 1917 showed the revolutionary winds of Russia, with traditionally conservative forces losing much of it’s power, either by being sidelined by the desire of reform or by the suppression of it’s votes by left-wing groups. In fact, the main “Conservative” force in the assembly was ironically the Kadets (Constitutional Democratics), who formed the left opposition in the Tsarist Duma. Pavel Milyukov, leader of the Kadets, was heavily discredited by his insistence on pursuing the war at all costs, which caused the crisis that dissolved the government of Prince Lvov, yet his party managed to retain its influence by the return of many nationalistic soldiers and army officers from the frontlines. But in the end, a coalition of Progressives and Social Revolutionaries would win the majority, with Viktor Chernov, leader of the SRs, becoming the President of the Assembly. During the period that the Assembly was in session, the Provisional Government of Kerensky would continue to govern the country. The Soviets mostly would participate, with the exception of some Bolsheviks that didn’t recognize a “Bourgeoisie Assembly” with Lenin continuing his calls for “All power to the Soviets”.

The work of the Assembly was done on the 3rd of March 1918, with the Russian Constitution of 1918 being proclaimed. Among other things, the constitution confirmed the creation of a Republic, officially abolishing the Monarchy, divided in the traditional 3 powers, implementing a policy of Land Reform and ensuring political and civil rights such as freedom of speech, religion, press, possession of guns, gatherings and protests, etc. and due to the trauma of having a strong executive figure like the Tsar and fearing a President could become a dictator, the Duma would be greatly strengthened, forming a Parliamentary Republic. The President had greatly reduced powers although he served as Head of State, the President of the Duma would serve as head of government and appointed the Council of Ministers, where he served as Minister-President of the council. The constitution also created a social security network based on the Social Revolutionary platform. The first elections for the Duma and Presidency were scheduled to happen on the 1st of April, which mostly confirmed the Constitutional Assembly structure with Chernov elected as President, with Kerensky as President of the Duma in a compromise by the parties of the parliament. The largest election in history up to that moment, with 50 million electors brought optimism that maybe Russia could now prosper and thrive under a Liberal Republic. They were wrong.


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I wonder what prompted Kerensky to sue for peace.
It’s explained in the Treaty of Lublin chapter. France fell in 1916, allowing the Central Powers to focus their troops to the East and after the Kerensky offensive failed and the CP counter attacked and pushed into the Baltics and Ukraine, they couldn’t keep fighting any longer. Besides the US remained neutral. I have left it vague enough to be speculated on how France fell or why America remained neutral on purpose.
 

Irvine

Banned
I wonder how will the reverse Barbarossa play out. Can the Russian-Nazis use the same degree of harshness when dealing with the Germans that the Germans used OTL when dealing with the Soviets? The Russian-Nazis don't have the "crusade against communism" ideology to propel their genocide, and Germany is probably going to be much more liberal and democratic than the USSR was. If anything, Russia is going to be much more vilified than Nazi Germany was(due to the absence of a Soviet Union counterpart fighting against this Russia), or maybe they are just going to be less brutal.
 
How is Vozhd Tukhachevsky going to deal with the Poles? Will he have grudges from his grandfather dying in one of the Polish Rebellions? Will his anti-clerical tendencies lead him to purge the Roman Catholic Church in Poland wholesale?
 
The Russian-Nazis don't have the "crusade against communism" ideology to propel their genocide
They will be able to decry the oppression and imperialism of the German Reich. While it's extremely difficult to believe that German rule over Eastern Europe would be as brutal as Stalin's, there will still be abuses and crimes. Imperial Germany may have been nicer than one of its successors, but it was still an empire. And empires are not built off of kindness and love.
 
I wonder how will the reverse Barbarossa play out. Can the Russian-Nazis use the same degree of harshness when dealing with the Germans that the Germans used OTL when dealing with the Soviets? The Russian-Nazis don't have the "crusade against communism" ideology to propel their genocide, and Germany is probably going to be much more liberal and democratic than the USSR was. If anything, Russia is going to be much more vilified than Nazi Germany was(due to the absence of a Soviet Union counterpart fighting against this Russia), or maybe they are just going to be less brutal.
Maybe the Russians could coordinate their attack with a nationalist France of some sort?
 
@PobreCesar Are you from Brazil/Portugal?

I am not from either actually.

Maybe the Russians could coordinate their attack with a nationalist France of some sort?

It's possible but didn't they try that last war? The French would now have lost two wars in a row to the Germans. I'm not sure they want a round three. (Though then again, they lost a number of consecutive rounds to the British back in the day and kept coming back for more. So I could see them trying again, paticularly if they're convinced that their rapid failure ITL's WW1 was due to a stab in the back.
 
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