If Bismarck had not signed the Dual alliance, or if death or another reason had removed him from the scene, before 1879, how likely is it that William I or Wilhelm II would veer towards an alliance with Russia, rather than one with Austria. William I was against the Dual Alliance but caved in. Would Wilhelm II have signed a treaty with Russia.
If no Dual alliance, do France and Russia sign the Entente, does Germany and Britain ally, or Germany and Russia.
If no Dual alliance, do France and Russia sign the Entente, does Germany and Britain ally, or Germany and Russia.