The
1980 Oktoberfest bombing (German:
Oktoberfest-Attentat) was a far-right terrorist attack on 26 September 1980, in Munich, West Germany. A bomb exploded at the entrance to the Oktoberfest festival during a crush to exit the grounds for the evening, killing 147 people (including, it turned out, the perpetrator, Gundolf Kohler) and injuring over 300 others. It was the worst terrorist attack and loss of life on German soil since the end of the Second World War.
The subsequent investigation by Bavarian authorities proved highly controversial, occurring less than two weeks before the 1980 federal election in which Bavarian Minister-President Franz-Josef Strauss was the candidate for Chancellor for the opposition CDU/CSU coalition. With the bombing initially attributed to the leftist Red Army Faction which had carried out other attacks over the 1970s, Strauss saw a late but noticeable surge in polling and his conservative party would win a narrow and unexpected majority government over the incumbent government of Helmut Schmidt; Strauss would serve as Chancellor until his death in 1988. Later investigations by
Der Spiegel in the mid-1980s suggested that investigators had missed evidence and created conspiracy theories of a cover up; in 1996, the government of SPD Chancellor Rudolf Scharping requested an inquest be opened and in 1999 a report was released offering disgruntled student Gundolf Kohler as the perpetrator and suggesting sloppiness, rather than conspiracy, was at fault for missing it earlier.
Conspiracy theories around the Oktoberfest bombing have been a prominent feature of German political life since the incident; Kohler had some loose connections to neo-Nazi groups and suspicions have been raised that he did not act alone, perhaps with the intent to elect the right-wing Strauss, or that sympathetic Bavarian officials covered up evidence that it was not carried out by the RAF in order to prevent the attack from boomeranging back onto Strauss. Chancellor Edmund Stoiber, himself a Bavarian, in 2007 acknowledged, "Mistakes were made in the investigation, but more than anything, the attacker's success was in turning Germans against each other in political life and in poisoning our discourse."