The years after the rebellions were a different kind of revolution in the British colonies. Contrary to the aims of the rebels, by the 1860s the colonies would be more firmly tied to the Empire than ever before, with technology transforming transportation and communications within a generation. And of course, with so many immigrants having arrived from Britain, the family connections were literally closer.
Part of Durham's legacy, aside from his failed attempt to amalgamate the colonies, was to provide each district with limited autonomy, their own assemblies, and provisions for English civil law to be carried out in other languages where possible and necessary.
This led to distinctive cultures crystallizing in each province as they moved into responsible government, although the pressing issues of the 1850s were tariffs and railways.
The colonies became more or less self-sufficient, but the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 and Navigation Laws in 1849 had shifted the focus of investment from agriculture to industry. The great railway boom of this time was as much for British investors to tap into the American market as to serve the interests of the colonies.
Absence of slavery in the colonies meant escaping slaves from the United States directed themselves there, using a network of helpers called the "Underground Railway". Once in BNA, the former slaves were free, and safe from extradition.
In spite of the popularity of Abolitionist movements, however, the escaped slaves did not find a warm welcome outside of the existing black communities.
Indeed, the existence of different ethnic districts indicated Canadians' somewhat reluctance to live amongst 'others' at the time, and although colonial authorities took pride in their supposedly superior treatment of the black Canadians, they also showed no qualms in directing an entire village to move location because the British investors in Grand Trunk Railway desired them to.
The Village of New Zion lay 15 miles east of the St Clair river, directly west of London. It had been settled by Black Loyalists in the wake of the revolution. Generations had lived and built farms, houses, and churches. But they were in the way of the planned route of the Grand Trunk, and so they would be "compensated" with land a few miles further south, in the ominously named Black Creek area.
The pastor of the New Zion Church, who served as an educator, community leader, and clandestine "Conductor" in the underground railway, had passionately pleaded with authorities on humanitarian grounds to allow the settlement to stay. The authorities were adamant. There were plenty of escaped slaves arriving, and they intended to use the railway was an unofficial border to new African settlement. New Zion was in the wrong place - at the right time.
After being displaced early in 1856, the community begrudgingly trekked the few miles to the new location, where they discovered the reason for the name.
The local river was black with a thick sludge which smelled foul. The local indigenous tribes had used it for water-proofing canoes, but it meant the river was unpalatable.
It was determined, again to the consternation of the pastor, that before even a cornerstone of a Church was built, they would need to dig a well for fresh water.
The pastor relentingly agreed, seeing the necessity in the situation, but as he had prepared a special speech for the laying of the cornerstone, which he imagined would be the first soil dug for their new community, he insisted on leading the group in prayer before digging the well commenced.
They prayed for the Lord to lead them finally to prosperity, and security, and to help them redeem all those still suffering from slavery.
They began to the dig for water by noon.
By the evening, hundreds of gallons of "black gold" was gushing into the air.
-Gzowksi, "Our Cultural Mosaic"