Teeth Of The Hydra
Before I go into this update, one thing needs to be explained. Due to much confusion regarding the ATL religion named "Islam", I believe a name change for it may be necessary, to avoid both the confusion with OTL religion of the same name, as well as to not let any preconception about said religion one may have color the idea of what it is in ATL.
Thus, many thanks to Leo Caesius for suggesting an alternate name that would still make sense in the context of the TL. From now on, and with respect to the previous updates, any references to ATL "Islam" should be replaced to references to a religion called al-Din (pronounced ad-DEEN), which in Arabic means "The Religion", and would make sense with the people who believe theirs is the one true faith.
Therefore, the al-Din and the Islam in ATL are one and the same. Now, on with the update:
883 - The first Mongol raids into China are dismissed as nothing more than minor nuisanse - after all, the Chinese Emperor commands a numerous army, and could hide behind the walls of his well-fortified cities. Things do get serious enough within a short period of time where the Emperor sends a large army contingent to do a preemptive raid on the Mongols. This "preemptive raid" goes only to prove that the Mongols are much stronger opponent than any the Chinese have ever encountered. The Chinese army is slaughtered, and, to add insult to injury, Mongols retaliate, striking northern China and spreading devastation all around.
884 - In Constantinople, Leo V begins a massive building program, renovating much of the city that had been neglected by many of his predecessors. In a meanwhile, he is rather concerned with restoring some of the provinces that had been Imperial territory in the centuries past. By now, his eyes are centered on the Vandal state of Nea Vandalor, which occupies a relatively small stretch of land between Egypt and the Western Empire's possessions. His reasons for wanting to occupy Nea Vandalor are twofold, one, the glory of his Empire, two, a need to have a base from which to strike into either Egypt or the African territories of the Venetians should any problems with either nation arise.
885 - The kingdom of Nea Vandalor owes its continued existense to the desire of the Venetians to keep a buffer state between themselves and Egypt. In the days when relations between the two Roman Empires were much better, and they considered themselves a part of unique, inseparable entity, the Eastern Romans allowed this state of affairs to continue, especially considering that the Western Romans brought Nea Vandalor under their protection - the protection that has been recently withdrawn as a part of an agreement between Claudius V and Leo V. Thus, the Vandals appear to be an easy prey, not able to resist the onslaught of the Imperial army, and not possessing the manpower or resources to do significant damage. However, the Vandal nation is ruled by one Otto, a recently enthroned king of some vision and talent. Knowing all too well that not only he is locked between major powers and the desert, but that one of those very powers desires the land his kingdom is built on, he is rather desperate for any means of salvation. These means come in shape of a Norse mercenary, who casually mentions about the Norse exploits to the West, and about the new lands they had found. Despite the fact that most of those lands so far are rather worthless in terms of resources and ability to sustain large population, Otto is intrigued. Maybe, he hopes, the Pillars of Hercules are not the edge of the world, and there may yet be a way to save the Vandal nation from becoming one of the many Roman provinces. Secretly, he commissions an expedition to the West, disguising it as a trading mission to avoid its potential destruction by the Venetians. Using the new developments in ship design made in Venice and borrowing more than a few tricks of the trade from the Norse, the Vandals are able to construct three vessels, which are relatively ocean-worthy, and are able to operate beyond the confines of the Mediterranean.
886 - The Vandals receive an ultimatum from Constantinople to either accept a Byzantine governor and give up their independence, or to be destroyed. Many of the young Vandal nobles despise the very idea of surrender, preferring to go down in a blaze of glory; however, Otto is well aware that resistance is rather futile, and instead of rebuffing the Byzantines, all he could hope to do is to damage their forces enough - and infuriate them enough in the process - to where the eventual conquest would be not only more brutal, but more oppressive on any Vandal survivors. Besides, there are some good news to report - out of the three vessels sent out, two were lost to storms and navigational problems, however, one did return with tales of islands that seemed like paradise, strange creatures, and strange people inhabiting them. Otto believed he found his solution. In the general assembly of the Vandals, he addressed his subjects, telling them that they may yet shake off the chains of Roman oppression, and found a new, greater Vandalor - Magna Vandalor he calls it, the Great Vandalor, beyond the ocean. Alternatively, they may stay behind and fight, knowing their cause is doomed. Many of the Vandals present vow to join their king in a difficult travel many may not be able to survive - yet still, many decide to remain and fight on. Otto, in a meanwhile, tried to get his hands on any kind of a ship he could - resulting in a motley flotilla of some hundred ships being assembled, some relatively modern, but some barely able to float. Under the cover of the night, the Vandal fleet sails west, miraculously bypassing many Venetian and Byzantine patrols, and setting course into the unknown. The remaining Vandals' fate could be told quickly. The Byzantines show no mercy in subjugating the kingdom, relocating many of the survivors to the Caliphate frontier, while settling some others in Thrace and Macedonia. All traces of the Vandals in the Old World have been completely removed.
887 - Despite losing almost two thirds of the fleet, Otto himself among the casualties, the remainder of the Vandal host reaches an island that appears to offer ideal conditions for rebuilding. They name the island Ottonia, in the name of the monarch that led them on their perilous journey. The island is OTL's Cuba, located strategically to be able to expand into the mainland just a short travel beyond. In Constantinople, Leo V celebrates a triumph, looking for his next conquest to the northwest. Despite being fellow Orthodox Christians, the Bulgars do occupy many of the ancestral Imperial lands - this state of affairs, he believes, may not continue. Previously the Aquitainian and Venetian influence would have left these thoughts just that - thoughts; however, Aquitaine fell into civil war after disputed succession, and Claudius V of the Western Empire has his hands tied battling the Senate in the realm of political influence. Thus, he is free to interfere as much as he would like. He, however, did not account for one potential rival - the Kievan Russians, whose prince Svyatopolk has been determined to extend his already massive dominions to the south. As the Byzantines sweep into Bulgaria, so do the Russians. Leo manages to reach an agreement with the Russians, dividing the Bulgar lands into two sections - however, this only whets Svyatopolk's appetite.
889 - Leo V Paleologus dies of fever, leaving a three year old son Andronicus. Due to the new monarch's minority, the regency is assumed by the Patriarch, who maneuvers around the Empress Irine and the Senate. The Empress suspects that the Patriarch plans to murder young Andronicus IV, and to install his own younger brother to the throne instead - thus, she appeals for help to the commander of the army, Nicephorus Acropolites. Nicephorus arrives in the capital, where he proclaims himself the protector of the young Emperor's rights. Shortly thereafter, he marries Irene, and is crowned Nicephorus III in Hagia Sophia - his coronation being part of an agreement between them to ensure the survival of Andronicus IV.
891 - The full might of the Mongol horde sweeps into China, eradicating any opposition. Driven by both the desire of conquest as well as the religious fervor, the Mongols slaughter everything in their way, resulting in millions of dead. As the terrified Chinese, both noble and commoner, flee south for their lives, the Mongols establish a new Empire on the territories formerly under Chinese control. The Mongol Khan Batu takes the title of the ruler he has defeated, and proclaims himself to be the Emperor of China, the chosen of God, the defender of faith of al-Din.
892 - In Venice, an old archivist goes through the centuries-old records, categorizing them to be properly catalogued in the Imperial library, when something catches his eye. He sees a mention of a device called aeoliphile, built in Roman Egypt seven centuries ago. Luckily, the archivist's favorite pasttime is constructing mechanical contraptions, many of which end up as toys for his younger children and grandchildren. Intrigued, he decides to give it a try, and to build a miniature one at home. If nothing, it would prove to be a good way to distract his youngest grandchild from interfering with the adults' business. While doing its fair share in distracting said grandchild, it also caught attention of the boy's father, a supervisor at mining operations. Even though the aeolophile is not very practical, and has very limited use, the man reasoned that with sufficient improvements, it could make his subordinates' job quite a bit easier. Thus, he sets to work, and comes up with a new and improved version of the engine, the one that actually could replace much manual labor. Over the next century, the age of the steam engine will come into full force.
893 - The Caliphate's expansion is by now grinding to a halt. Despite it taking over most of India, and the Mongols' conversion to al-Din, the Mongols are not willing to happily hand over the power to Caliph and walk to the side. Rather, they are empire builders themselves, creating a first time in Caliphate's history where there was another power following the faith of al-Din not recognizing political or religious claims of the Caliph. In China, the Mongols take over larger and larger chunks of the territory, completing their conquest by the end of the decade. Instead of pillaging and destroying everything in their way, however, they decide to settle in China en masse, permanently altering the balance of power there.
894 - The Russian prince Svyatopolk invades Byzantine territories, requiring Nicephorus III to take to the field. The battle, fought at Varna near the Black Sea coast, is a total Byzantine victory. The Russians, tired and battered after waves of Byzantine assaults, sue for peace, promising to vacate the Byzantine territory, asking only for enough provisions to make it home. Next year, the Russian ambassadors will arrive in Constantinople, negotiating a commercial treaty. From there on, the Russian ambitions would be centered elsewhere.
895 - Claudius V of the Venetian Empire, feeling mortally sick, abdicates the throne, asking the Senate to choose his successor, which they gladly do. They choose the one Giovanni da Vinci to be the next Emperor, and he is dutifully crowned in Venice. The new Emperor comes from a distinguished senatorial family, and his election sets the precedent of the Senate choosing the Emperor, rather than any kind of hereditary succession principle.
897 - The Vandal settlement in Ottonia thrives, despite initial difficulties. Several expeditions are sent to explore the mainland, returning with tales of many wondrous things, and of great riches. Many a young Vandal noble decide to try their luck on the continent, where the devastation caused by European diseases, steel and gunpowder weapons allows many to establish semi-independent principalities, all owing allegiance to the High King at Ottonia, but, due to low manpower available to the Vandals, practically independent in every respect. What the Vandals do not know is that the Norse longships by now have located what we know as Newfoundland. Calling the new island (for they believe it to be one) Vinnland, the Norse follow the shore south, eventually finding OTL's New England area, and establishing settlements there.
898 - Aquitaine and Frankia are by now somewhat recovered from civil strife, and establish renewed efforts to expand the kingdom. Through a complicated series of events, one Erik II establishes himself at the throne of Denmark, and conducts an alliance with the Aquitainian king. What makes Erik different from his predecessors is the fact that he is a Christian, and is very insistent in proselytizing among his subjects. The result is a civil war, which sets Erik and his supporters, mostly the merchants, the commoners, and many of the lower and middle classes, against the old pagan aristocracy. The pagan aristocracy of Denmark loses after a climactic battle at Copenhagen, making Erik's methods of converting his population more and more heavy-handed. Thus, by 900 there is a steady stream of Norse immigration from Denmark and rapidly Christianizing Norway and Sweden to the lands west - many of the refugees making it to Vinnland, strengthening the settlement there to become a viable state of its own.
899 - A Vandal explorer discovers the Mayan civilization on Yucatan peninsula. Awed by their perceived power and level of what he termed as "barbaric sophistication", the explorer decides that peaceful relations must be followed, as these organized, developed people are nothing like the relatively primitive tribes his people had encountered beforehand.
900 - The kingdom of Vinnland is established, with the capital in Odinheim. The new High Kings of Vinnland are a proud and defiant breed, seeking to spread their faith by sword, if needed, among the local native tribes. Being that the Vikings' religion and society emphasize martial values, many of the local tribes are more often than not willingly accepting the ways of the foreigners who, after all, are warriors like themselves, willing to respect warrior values. Thus, the kingdom of Vinnland in the following years develops an identity much different from that of the original European Norse.
Next installment - either later on today, or tomorrow.