Hey Everyone,
New update, this time centered in our board's favorite entrepot into China, Hong Kong! I'm hoping that this isn't too far off the mark for the city. As always, I hope you all enjoy! Comments, criticisms, and creative suggestions welcomed!!!
© Paul Goodfellow and After the Scifi Apocalypse, 2015. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from the author is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Paul Goodfellow and After the Scifi Apocalypse with appropriate and specific direction to the original content.
Chapter 3: The Old Guard
Waterfront, Victoria Harbor
Hong Kong, Republic of Hong Kong
Confederation of the Pearl River
June 1, 2016
I walked along the bustling shoreline of Hong Kong with one of the most famous men in southern China. Today, he wore an old Royal Navy uniform complete with cap and insignia. I suppose that he wanted to avoid recognition by looking like any other old British veteran who had retired, either by choice or necessity, in the city they had once governed from London. However, unlike most of the old British veterans his was an instantly recognizable face. A few of the locals who walked by us immediately requested to shake his hand, asked for an autograph, or more rarely a photograph.
There was not an ounce of hostility in the whole of the small crowd that gathered around us while he shook hands and generally acted the elder statesman. Surprising as it was that they recognized us on our walk along the waterfront, it was more surprising that there was little to no outward hostility expressed towards him, given his current role as lead negotiator between the Confederation of the Pearl River and the Vietnamese Federation. In the six years since he was named as lead negotiator, not a day has gone by that the South China Morning Post or the New Hong Kong Daily has not published a negative opinion piece or letter to the editor about the possible conflict of interest he would have in negotiating the treaty.
Even though this is more than enough to guess at his identity in Asia, for any readers overseas the intricacies of modern Hong Kong politics might be a bit too much. His name is Arthur Brown, former Captain in the Royal Navy, and former head of the Foreign Military Contingent that made up the bulk of Hong Kong’s military forces until the Confederation’s Combined Services were formed in 2004. More importantly he is the former Governor of Hong Kong, serving from 1997 until 2003 as the first popularly elected Head of State of the city-state. Brown was one of the architects of the territory’s 1997 Declaration of Independence, and helped to write not only the new Constitution for Hong Kong, but also helped to negotiate the Federation Treaty between Hong Kong and Macau in 1998. He was also the lead negotiator between the twin cities and the surviving communities in Guangdong and southern Fujian Provinces. Brown is considered to be one of the founders and architects of the growing order in southern China. As such, many consider him to be one of the most important figures in postwar China.
Much of the current controversy surrounding this leading figure in the negotiations with Vietnam stems from his business interests. Brown, along with several of his old advisers, founded the largest corporation in southern China, Anglo-Chinese Shipping, after he left office in 2004. In the twelve years since its founding, A-C Shipping has taken over the market for shipping and passenger travel in Southeast Asia. The company as corporate facilities up and down the coast between Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Vietnam, Cambodia, the survivor communities in Malaysia, and the Indonesian states. A-C Shipping is one of the most traded stocks on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and most graduates of the University of Hong Kong’s Masters of Business Administration dream of employment with A-C. For many living in southern China, Southeast Asia, and coastal Indonesia, A-C Shipping is the face of the city and region’s burgeoning economy.
Along with shipping, A-C has the contract for materials transport into the reconstruction and decontamination zone in Guangzhou. Sub-contractors working for A-C who rely on it for the lion’s share of their business have secured many of the most important contracts for the reconstruction of the most important rail lines out of Guangdong Province into Guangxi, Jiangxi, and Hunan Provinces. In effect, A-C and its subsidiaries and associated businesses have placed themselves at the heart of Hong Kong’s current and future efforts to rebuild southern and south-central China.
There is a reason why, for many who pay attention to politics, Arthur Brown is referred to as, “His Right Honourable Ambassador from Anglo-Chinese Shipping, the Corrupt Captain Brown.”
The same day that we spoke was just after the initial signing of the trade pact between the Vietnamese ambassador, Phong Nguyen, and Governor Fung. When I asked him why he chose to speak to me rather than attend the press conference, he told me that he did not, “…want to intrude on the conference,” and felt that he would be, “too much of a distraction from the very real accomplishments that we have had in negotiating and finalizing this trade deal.” We decided to take a walk along the waterfront where, moving in and out of Victoria Harbor, we could see freighters old and new bearing the distinctive linked “A-C” logo on their exhaust stacks. Sprinkled along the shipping lanes going in and out of the harbor were small independent tramp freighters, fishing boats, and a few traditional Chinese junks plying their trade as they had for centuries. It was a warm day, nearly thirty Celsius, but Brown insisted on wearing his uniform when being interviewed about his role as a Royal Navy officer during the Third World War.
When I asked him why, he told me, “It is important that my role as an officer of the Royal Navy be separated from my role as a public official who served the interests of the residents and citizens of Hong Kong and the New Territories.” He told me this as we left A-C’s corporate headquarters, located in one of the new high rise towers in the heart of Central Hong Kong. There was the distinct chatter of electric typewriters as we left the office, and I spied a few green-and-black monitor displays of old pre-war Apple II computers. A-C Shipping was doing well, indeed, if it could afford to have its secretaries and executives use such technology as pre-war desktop personal computers for daily work activities.
“It is our goal that every outpost of A-C have at least one computer linked to the central mainframe here in Hong Kong by 2020,” Brown said when I asked him about the computers. I had recently read that A-C was pairing up with AT&T Hong Kong to begin laying new telephone lines, manufactured in huge new plants on the other side of the border in Guangdong, between Hong Kong and its outposts up and down the coast.
Like the old maps that showed telegraph lines radiating out from London towards the many far-flung colonial possessions that made up the British Empire, so too would A-C’s empire spread across Southeast Asia, linking the whole region together into a reconstructed communications network. Although it would initially benefit A-C, the economic side effect would be to drastically increase the personal and economic ties of Southeast Asia across thousands of kilometers of land and water that have not had meaningful real time communication access in over three decades. There were even rumors of a planned spur line running south, through the Indonesian successor states, to connect A-C and the Federated Twin Cities with Australia, New Zealand, and the former British and French possessions in the South Pacific.
When I asked him about it, Brown merely gave me that now famous cockeyed grin and said, “No comment!”
He pushed me to stick to questions about his pre-war role as a Royal Navy officer. Almost every school child in Hong Kong knows the story of Captain Brown and the Salvation of Southern China. They know the story of Brown, the man who convinced the then-Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Edward Youde, to evacuate the population of the city, or as many of them as would fit, into the underground shelters, basements, parking garages, and military bunkers as could fit. Those who could not were put into the sealed holds of freighters and military vessels at anchor in Victoria Harbor.
What is less discussed, however, is his highly controversial involvement in the post-war government policies implemented by Governor Youde and the Emergency Council of Hong Kong. These policies included the imposition of work quotas for all persons working non-essential jobs in the immediate aftermath of the war. In effect, anyone not working as a farmer or as a laborer in an electronics factory in the New Territories, or working to maintain the city’s communications infrastructure was put to work on decontamination efforts. More controversial, and considered far worse than anything else he had done, was the use of a work-for-food rationalization that very closely mirrored the policies of post-exchange regional commissioners in the United Kingdom.
His orders to surviving naval assets after the Exchange have continued to garner controversy and attention for thirty years. His orders to sink all Chinese civilian and military vessels that refused to heave to and surrender resulted in the sinking of a handful of surviving People’s Liberation Army-Navy vessels and the deaths of hundreds of Chinese sailors. The sinking of the tramp freighter Tai-Pan off Victoria Harbor in May 1984 with several hundred refugees from Fujian Province continues to be the best known of the policy. Although, there are lesser known sinking’s that include a break-bulk cargo vessel from Hainan, and a large fishing trawler that was, according to conspiracy theorists, sunken by surviving SAS elements helicoptered onboard after it was discovered that commanders of a Hainan PLA garrison were onboard the ship.
Lastly, and probably the best known of the postwar incidents is his involvement with the 1987 Kowloon Walled City Riots. It was there that Brown ordered surviving Royal Marines to use live ammunition against refugees from Guangdong and Hainan who settled in the Kowloon Walled City and were protesting against government residency policy. They were also demanding access to education, housing, and medical services which was explicitly banned by Governor Youde’s 1984 Emergency Declaration. Brown continues to claim, both to me during our interview and to the media when asked, that he was informed by the Royal Hong Kong Police that the refugees were armed with bayonets, machetes, Molotov cocktails, and a few leftover Type 56’s brought into the city by surviving PLA soldiers. In the two days that followed, some 300 refugees were killed and another 700 wounded by Marines and the Royal Hong Kong Police in their suppression of the riots.
Ultimately, though, the issue that drove the rioters (Refusal to grant permanent residency to war refugees) was settled two years later in a landmark Hong Kong Supreme Court case that granted all war refugees permanent residency and access to all city services as if they were Hong Kong residents. In the years that followed, surviving family members have successfully sued for damages against what is now the Hong Kong Marines and the Hong Kong Police Force. Brown continues to resist paying damages for his involvement.
Although I agreed to stick to questions about the war, initially, I knew that eventually in our conversation I would ask him difficult questions about these and other postwar events that continue to cause controversy and discussion in many corners throughout the city and outside.
“You know, the first thing that I think of when I remember those weeks before the war was the absolute sense of calm that pervaded the services. One of my public school chaps was an RAF officer commanding a Vulcan bomber. He didn’t seem phased by the idea of war with the Soviets, or by the prospect of a showdown. I think that is, at least partially, because no one really thought the protests in East Berlin would spiral out of control in the way that they did,” Brown explained.
“I resisted the transfer to HMS Tamar fiercely. I had served onboard HMS Invincible during the Falkland Islands War, and the prospect of being transferred to a shore station in the Far East held little appeal for me, especially with my rank and experience. My friends and shipmates onboard the Invincible would get to see real action against the Soviet Navy while I would be busy filing telex reports back to London. I figured if I was very lucky I might get the chance to organize convoys between Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, and New Zealand. HMS Tamar seemed a death sentence for my career. I would never get the chance to command a vessel in combat at the rate I was going, I kept thinking,” said Brown.
“The worst part of it was the immediacy of the transfer. There were so many transfers of combat experienced veterans off the Invincible and the HMS Hermes. In retrospect, it looks like the Royal Navy was doing exactly what I would have done: Spread the experience around to as many of the overseas posts as possible to ensure they could disseminate combat knowledge to their subordinates and train them correctly. It still does not help that I had three days to pack my belongings for an indefinite period of time. I had a nice flat in London with my girlfriend who I begged to come with me to Hong Kong. She refused and told me she would rather stay in the city and be near her friends and family, ‘if the worst thing happens.’ She told me she did not want to die alone in a city in Asia. I can’t blame her. I don’t even know if she would have survived if she had been here. I don’t know, but I would like to think she would have,” he said in a sad tone. I could tell that, unlike many things that happened after the Exchange, this in particular still bothered him. He stared off at the harbor for a moment before continuing on.
“I still don’t know when or how she died. Since the regional commission that was set up to run London did not survive past the first few days after the Exchange, no one has been able to work up an effective census of the London area in the 1980s and 90s. I’m fairly certain my parents died when Newcastle was hit. At least it was fast, or I’d like to think so anyway. I would like to know, at least, that she died quickly, with no pain. That it was over in an instant. I hate to think of her struggling through the radioactive ruins, trying to find food or shelter, knowing she was going to end up like so many others, succumbing to radiation sickness. I’ve seen too many people go through that here to think that she went through it too…” Brown trailed off again. Rather than standing in one place, he started walking again.
As we walked silently down the shore, the sounds of the harbor, dockworkers, and families out for an afternoon stroll in the early summer heat. He stopped now and again to cast a lingering stare on the various military vessels that were at anchor in Victoria Harbor. Even though he was long since retired from active service, it was apparent that his first love was still the Royal Navy, or at least what was left of it here in the Far East.
He pointed out a vessel in harbor, the former HMS Achilles, a Leander-class frigate that was involved in the Falklands War and that was transferred to Hong Kong in the weeks leading up to the Third World War. The ship was rusting at anchor, having been decommissioned in 2007 after her replacement, the HKS Victoria, a brand new Victoria-Class Frigate built in the Kowloon Peninsula Yards, came into service.
“That, right there, used to be the pride of the Royal Navy, a symbol of British power that could deploy anywhere around the world, independent of American naval support if need be. Now, she’s just an old warship, long past her prime, a few years away from being scrapped. It’s a sad thing to see a ship like that in that state,” he said.
Like many of the survivors I and my partners had the opportunity to interview over the past few years, both in Hong Kong and throughout the accessible areas of interior China, former Captain Brown had a deep and profound connection back across the yawning chasm of nuclear war back to the old world. Unlike those brought up in the decades since the war, Brown could remember what things were like when the world had enough food and when shortages were what happened in the developing world. Even he, with his years of public service to the citizens of Hong Kong and his post-2004 business success, seems drawn to the old world that he grew up in.
“I know that for those of you who grew up in Hong Kong during the boom years of the late 1990’s and the first decade of this century feel like our city is the pinnacle of civilization in the Far East, but when I tell you that it is a pale shadow compared to pre-war London, Vienna, or New York, I do not say it lightly.”
“What we have now is an improvement over the burnt out wreck that was the world after the nuclear exchange, and we are on the right track here to institute a new order in China in the coming decades. I even understand the feeling that the world will turn out better than the one that was destroyed thirty years ago. But, that being said, there are many days when I wish that I could go back to it.”
“There was peace, security, and constant technological and, seemingly anyway, political progress. The Americans had put a man on the moon, personal computers were springing up in the houses of elderly grandmothers in Suffolk. We were on our way toward great things. Now, I can see progress, but I’ll be damned to say that the world is better off for having experienced the last three decades of chaos. Our world is more dangerous, more unforgiving than it once was. Life is cheap now, much more so than it used to be. The fifteen thousand refugees permanently camped at Shek Kong Airfield are a testament to what our world has gone through and what we still have to fix,” Brown explained.
When I pointedly asked him at that point what he thought the opinion of the three hundred dead refugees in the Kowloon Walled City would have been, he did not reply.
“The Governor General called me and those transferred officers ranked Lieutenant Commander and above in to a conference at Government House in late January. The pre-war officer transfers were still ongoing, and Governor Youde made it a priority for us to set up a working group that coordinate with the emergency services of the city and the New Territories to prepare for any eventuality. We all knew the coded language that the governor was using; ‘any eventuality’ seemed a Churchillian turn of phrase that, in reality, meant; ‘If and when the world cocks up and the missiles start flying, how many residents can we evacuate off Hong Kong Island to the New Territories, or at least how many can we get up Victoria Peak and away from the general fallout zone?” Brown said.
We continued walking down the waterfront and stopped at a small baozi stand set up on the side of the road. The vendor had gotten his hands on a very god cut of pork and was making a killing off the greasy buns. We purchased two each and continued walking down the sidewalk, quietly enjoying the street delicacies. It was not until the mid-2000s that roadside vendors were allowed to operate freely without ration control by the government, even after the city signed trade deals in the mid-1990 with local communities to import meat and vegetables. Many of the older residents remarked that it was not until the street vendors were allowed to ply their trade without government controls that a sense of normalcy had returned to the city after twenty-plus years.
“The other thing that took some getting used to was the constant screaming of jet aircraft taking off from Kai Tak, Shek Kong, and the other RAF landing strips and aerodromes scattered around Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, and the rest of the New Territories. I was used to hearing fighters taking off and landing when I was stationed on the Invincible, but that was part of the routine sounds of a ship on patrol. But, when it was on shore, it was out of place by my ears.”
“The city took on much of the feeling of a forward operating base for the British military and staging ground in those weeks leading up to the war. In retrospect, it is a miracle that the city survived the war at all, and not a minor miracle at that. What few Soviet survivors we have interviewed since the Exchange were shocked that we never received a single hit from the Soviet Rocket Forces or from the PLA’s Second Artillery Corps. Maybe the Chicom’s had other plans for us. Whatever they were, they never came to pass.”
We both paused for a second as an aircraft passed overhead. It was a smaller, twin-engine aircraft on approach to Kai Tak. The words, “Philippine Airways” was written on the side of the Brazilian built passenger aircraft. In the distance, we could hear the sounds of larger passenger aircraft taking off from Kai Tak, which is now busiest airport in Asia. It is also the largest surviving airport in Asia as well. I spied in the distance a few rebuilt Harrier jets taking off as well, along with military and civilian helicopters.
With the new trade deals signed between the twin Federated Cities, Vietnam, and Burma, ever increasing amounts of gasoline and refined aircraft fuel are beginning to make their way into the commercial market. As a result, Cathay Pacific Airways alongside Taiwan based China Airlines have begun once again making long haul commercial flights for passengers from Kai Tak to destinations in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. There have even been several chartered flights between Hong Kong and North America, although there are no plans currently to re-establish permanent flights back and forth to the United States.
Brown stared off at a C-130 transport in China Airlines livery taking off from Kai Tak. He seemed to be processing something for a minute. He cleared his throat and looked at me. His weathered eyes seemed to bore right into me with a look of absolute focus. I was not sure how to react.
“Before we go any further, I need to say this. I understand that you and your team are scholars and journalists trying to put this book together. I even understand the need to ask difficult questions. But, before you go off judging us for your actions back then, put yourself into our shoes,” Brown said.
I averted my eyes from his intense stare and looked out at the harbor. I was uncomfortable, but I tried to keep a cool outside demeanor.
“How so,” I asked coolly, trying not to accuse him of attempting to intimidate me.
“The world was destroyed. You all act now like you would have performed better with thirty years of experience dealing with this, but no one can be prepared for the destruction of the world that they grew up in, and the deaths of every person they ever cared for in the space of a day. One day was all it took. Everything that we knew was erased. Hundreds of years of human advancement was wiped out. Cities blasted into rubble. Survivors irradiated and left to die alone in basements, bomb shelters, or above ground where they breathed in the ashes of the dead with their every waking moment.”
“We were left to pick up what few pieces remained. My family was dead. The woman I loved was dead. And when we got out of the bomb shelters and basements, we knew that it was our responsibility to put the world back together again. Do you know how to control forty thousand starving, irradiated, and hostile refugees rushing a border? Do you have any idea how to clean up and identify sixty thousand dead bodies scattered throughout the New Territories? Do you know the logistical nightmare that it was to disinfect and remove radiation in the Kowloon Walled City?”
“No. You have no idea what it was like, and I suspect that you do not want to know either. Order had to be restored and the people made safe, or at least made to feel safe. That meant some had to be sacrificed in order for the rest to survive. I felt and still feel awful about the events in 1988 in the Walled City, just as I feel awful about the treatment of those refugees who survived the bombs and radiation only to die of malnutrition in the shadow of Hong Kong’s skyscrapers.”
“We had little food, no available shelter for the hundreds of thousands that would be making their way towards us, our water supply was tainted by radioactivity, and we had a population within the territory of Hong Kong and the New Territories of 5.4 million that we had to take care of. That was why we initiated the draconian rations program. That was why we limited the numbers of refugees we allowed to cross the border from Shenzhen. That was why I ordered live ammunition use at the Luohu and Huanggang Border Crossings. We could not support the numbers we had, never mind letting in the population of Shenzhen as well.”
“That was why everyone from your parents to me had rice-less days, meat-less days, and even water-less days. We did things that you will not know about for a hundred years that were necessary to keep this city alive.”
“So, before you go judging us in this book, I want you to know that you are here and you are alive because of the actions that I and the rest of Her Majesty’s Government in Hong Kong took in 1984 and 1985. Perhaps, before you start asking ‘difficult questions’ about the war and what came after, you should be a little more grateful that you are even here to ask those questions?”
Brown stood up, pulled a pack of cigarettes out of his jacket, roughly shoved one in his mouth, and lit it. He took a long, angry drag of it and turned his back on me. The former Royal Navy captain looked out at Victoria Harbor, his eyes fixed on a point near the harbor’s entrance. I waited to stand up and walk away. I figured that would be the end of my interview. He turned around and looked at me.
“Alright. Ask your questions. At this point, I have nothing left to hide,” Brown said. He flicked his cigarette into the harbor and cocked his head in the direction of the city. I stood up and followed him.