ok...tell me what you think...its sort of a Westernized-Sunni-Islam-Iran...but I only have the history to 1795 so far.
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The reign of Nadir Shah, later, Emperor Nadir I Shah, was, militarily, the same. The great conquerings still happened, the plunders and large amounts of wealth from India, including the Peacock Throne and Koh-i-noor Diamond, were brought back to his great capital of Mashad.
An attempt to assasinate Nadir I in 1747, was unsuccessful, and resulted in Nadir ordering all members of the Imperial Court executed. He had gone too far, and the entire empire stood behind Nadir's young nephew, Khalid, and deposed Nadir, who died two years later under house arrest. Khalid Shah was crowned with the Koh-i-noor Diamond, on the Peacock throne in 1748. He married Lina Osmalia, cousin of the Ottoman Sultan Mustafa III. The two rulers met in 1749, after the wedding of Khalid Shah and Lina Osmalia. The Shah was a great fan of the Ottoman Empire, though jealously would be a better word to use. He insisted his empire would be as powerful as the Ottoman Empire, and as modern as the Great European powers. Thus, after his marriage, Khalid spent three years traveling Europe, as a guest of Christian VII of Denmark.
He returned to Mashad in 1762, and began modernizing Iran. Early in his reign, Khalid implemented sweeping reforms aimed at modernising Iran. Heavily influenced by his western advisors, Khalid reorganized the Persian army along European lines and dreamt of making Iran a maritime power. He faced much opposition to these policies at home, but brutally suppressed any and all rebellions against his authority.
To improve his nation's position on the seas, Khalid sought to gain more maritime outlets. His only outlet at the time was the Persian Gulf. The Arabian Caspian Sea, but to do so he would have to expel the remaining Uzbecks from the surrounding areas. The Iranian Troops easily overcame the untrained Uzbeck Armies, and Khalid I crowned himself "Khan of the Uzbecks."
Khalid made peace with the other Caspian khanates, and turned his attention to Persian maritime supremacy. He sought to acquire control of the Arabian, which had been rec-conquered by the Omani, years earlier. Khalid declared war on Oman, which was at the time led by Sultan bin-Ahmad. Oman was also opposed by its Yemeni subjects, which Khalid promised independance to, and their Arabian neighbors.
Ahmad refused to surrender to Khalid, instead invading Persian-held Bahrain. Skillfully, Khalid withdrew southward, destroying any Persian property that could assist the Omanis along the way. Thus, the Omanis became incapable of capturing Russian supplies, and suffered in the bitterly. They nevertheless resumed their efforts to capture the Kuweit. Ahmad then found Khalid much more aggressive, and the battle both yearned for took place at Muskat on 27 June. Khalid reaped the benefits of years of work on improvements to the Iranian army, inflicting almost ten thousand casualties and afterwards capturing what remained of the Omani army. In Bahrain, Khalid was restored as Prince. Ahmad fled to the then-neutral Ottoman Empire, where he tried to convince the Sultan, Ahmed III (Ottoman, not Omani), to help him in a renewed campaign.
Khalid foolishly attacked the Ottomans. Normally, Queen Lina Osmalia would have exercised power during his absence. Khalid, however, mistrusted the his Ottoman bride; he divorced the Queen, sent her to Zanzibar, and created Regency Council of 10 members. Khalid's campaign in the Ottoman Empire was disastrous; in the ensuing peace treaty, Khalid was forced to return the Black Sea ports he had seized in. In return, the Sultan expelled Ahmad from his territory.
Khalid's Bahraini armies took trucial Oman, driving the Omanis back into their historic lands, Oman proper, with Muskat at its heart. Trucial Oman was occupied by the Persians in 1765. The Shah's navy was so powerful that the Iranians could penetrate Oman. Peter also obtained the assistance of the Arab tribes, and the Sultan's East African subjects. Still, Ahmed refused to yield, and not until his death in battle in 1767 did peace become feasible. Oman made peace with all powers but Iran by 1769. In 1771, the Treaty of Mashad ended what became known as the Gulf War. Persia acquired Trucial Oman, Omani held northern Arabia, and Oman proper. In turn, Iran granted the former Sultan's Yemeni and East African subjects independance. The Shah was, however, permitted to retain some of the Yemeni coast, which he did, stretching the Persian Empire from the Caspian to Arab Seas.
Khalid returned to Mashad in 1774, where he re-married Lina Osmalia, whom he permitted to return from Zanzibar. He continued his reforms, and declared himself Emperor Khalid I Shah, Emperor, Shah, and Khan of Persia. in 1775, likewise declaring his major wife, Lina Osmalia, Empress Lina Osmalia Shah'ana of Persia, and his remaining minor wives, Queens of Iran. He declared the heirs of the Empire to be the eldest sons of his major wife, and made his son, Khalid, Sultan of Muskat, and Crown Prince. The Crown Prince married Nasreen Ahmed, niece of the late Omani Sultan. Khalid I died in 1780, and was succeded by his son, the Sultan of Muskat, and Emperor Khalid II Shah, Emperor, Shah, and Khan of Persia. By 1785, Emperor Khalid I Shah was being referred to as "the Magnificient." His tales had reached European ears. In 1787, the British East India Company requested permission to establish a port in Bushehr, which greatly began benefitting the empire.
In 1790, Empress Nasreen Shah'ana gave birth to a daughter, whom the Emperor began to base his entire life of off. He named the girl Ameerah, and declared her, Princess of Persia. The Nobles at court, most pro-western, advised the Emperor to adopt the European titles of dignity, and to style himself and his major-wife "Imperial Majesty" and their daughter "Imperial Highness." He did. Between 1791 and 1794, Khalid continued his reforms of the Empire. He officially declared the empire to be known as the "Afsharid Empire of Iran" and that all subjects be referred to, no longer by their ethnic origins, but as "Iranians." The first Iranian ambassador to Europe, to the Court of Vienna, was Prince Lotf Ali-Khan, of the Ali-Khan Family, in 1792. The Emperor became horribly ill in February of 1793, after having fall onto an old, rusted knife. By mid-September, it was apparent the Emperor would die. He consulted his Council, which included the Austrian Ambassador, Archduke Josef Anton, the Holy Roman Emperor's brother, kindly referred to by the court as "Al-Habsburg." The Archduke told the Emperor how Charles VI, a previous Austrian emperor, had only two daughters, and that the religion and government in Austria forbade women from ruling, so Charles VI passed a Pragmatic Sanction, forcing all neigboring nations to recognize his daughter, and her male descendants as Emperors.
Emperor Khalid II Shah, and the Imperial Council agreed it was necessary for the Afsharid Dynasty to continue, and on October 20, 1793, His Imperial Majesty Emperor Khalid II Shah, Emperor, Shah, and Khan of Iran, Sultan of Oman, Prince of Bahrain, King of the Uzbecks, Overlord of the Northern Tribes, and Conqueror of the Arabs, signed into law the تنبيهى از امپراتور عملىى, شاه و خان لطف و حمايت از دختر او محبوب) شاهدخت (نام قديم )ايران, translated into English as "Pragmatic Sanction of the Emperor, Shah and Khan, in Favor of His Beloved Daughter, the Princess Ameerah, Princess of Persia."
Sadly, Emperor Khalid II died, a week later, on October 27, 1794, and his daughter, Princess Ameerah, was declared "Her Imperial Majesty Empress Ameerah I Shah'ana, Empress, Shah'ana, and Khaness of Iran, Sultana of Oman, Princess of Bahrain, Queen of the Uzbecks, Overlord of the Northern Tribes, and Conqueress of the Arabs. This infant, not yet five years old, was now imperial sovereign of an empire stretching from the Caspian Sea, to the Arabian Sea, with full grown war lords in East Africa, the Arabian penninsula, India, and Iraq as vassals, swearing allegiance, in the name of Allah, as their Mistress. With advice from the Austrian Ambassador, the young Empress's mother, Nasreen, was styled "Imperial Mother of the Iranians" and given the dignity, "Highness." Prince Ismail Al-Karim, second cousin of the late Emperor, was declared "Protector of Iran" or Regent, as closest male relative.
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The reign of Nadir Shah, later, Emperor Nadir I Shah, was, militarily, the same. The great conquerings still happened, the plunders and large amounts of wealth from India, including the Peacock Throne and Koh-i-noor Diamond, were brought back to his great capital of Mashad.
An attempt to assasinate Nadir I in 1747, was unsuccessful, and resulted in Nadir ordering all members of the Imperial Court executed. He had gone too far, and the entire empire stood behind Nadir's young nephew, Khalid, and deposed Nadir, who died two years later under house arrest. Khalid Shah was crowned with the Koh-i-noor Diamond, on the Peacock throne in 1748. He married Lina Osmalia, cousin of the Ottoman Sultan Mustafa III. The two rulers met in 1749, after the wedding of Khalid Shah and Lina Osmalia. The Shah was a great fan of the Ottoman Empire, though jealously would be a better word to use. He insisted his empire would be as powerful as the Ottoman Empire, and as modern as the Great European powers. Thus, after his marriage, Khalid spent three years traveling Europe, as a guest of Christian VII of Denmark.
He returned to Mashad in 1762, and began modernizing Iran. Early in his reign, Khalid implemented sweeping reforms aimed at modernising Iran. Heavily influenced by his western advisors, Khalid reorganized the Persian army along European lines and dreamt of making Iran a maritime power. He faced much opposition to these policies at home, but brutally suppressed any and all rebellions against his authority.
To improve his nation's position on the seas, Khalid sought to gain more maritime outlets. His only outlet at the time was the Persian Gulf. The Arabian Caspian Sea, but to do so he would have to expel the remaining Uzbecks from the surrounding areas. The Iranian Troops easily overcame the untrained Uzbeck Armies, and Khalid I crowned himself "Khan of the Uzbecks."
Khalid made peace with the other Caspian khanates, and turned his attention to Persian maritime supremacy. He sought to acquire control of the Arabian, which had been rec-conquered by the Omani, years earlier. Khalid declared war on Oman, which was at the time led by Sultan bin-Ahmad. Oman was also opposed by its Yemeni subjects, which Khalid promised independance to, and their Arabian neighbors.
Ahmad refused to surrender to Khalid, instead invading Persian-held Bahrain. Skillfully, Khalid withdrew southward, destroying any Persian property that could assist the Omanis along the way. Thus, the Omanis became incapable of capturing Russian supplies, and suffered in the bitterly. They nevertheless resumed their efforts to capture the Kuweit. Ahmad then found Khalid much more aggressive, and the battle both yearned for took place at Muskat on 27 June. Khalid reaped the benefits of years of work on improvements to the Iranian army, inflicting almost ten thousand casualties and afterwards capturing what remained of the Omani army. In Bahrain, Khalid was restored as Prince. Ahmad fled to the then-neutral Ottoman Empire, where he tried to convince the Sultan, Ahmed III (Ottoman, not Omani), to help him in a renewed campaign.
Khalid foolishly attacked the Ottomans. Normally, Queen Lina Osmalia would have exercised power during his absence. Khalid, however, mistrusted the his Ottoman bride; he divorced the Queen, sent her to Zanzibar, and created Regency Council of 10 members. Khalid's campaign in the Ottoman Empire was disastrous; in the ensuing peace treaty, Khalid was forced to return the Black Sea ports he had seized in. In return, the Sultan expelled Ahmad from his territory.
Khalid's Bahraini armies took trucial Oman, driving the Omanis back into their historic lands, Oman proper, with Muskat at its heart. Trucial Oman was occupied by the Persians in 1765. The Shah's navy was so powerful that the Iranians could penetrate Oman. Peter also obtained the assistance of the Arab tribes, and the Sultan's East African subjects. Still, Ahmed refused to yield, and not until his death in battle in 1767 did peace become feasible. Oman made peace with all powers but Iran by 1769. In 1771, the Treaty of Mashad ended what became known as the Gulf War. Persia acquired Trucial Oman, Omani held northern Arabia, and Oman proper. In turn, Iran granted the former Sultan's Yemeni and East African subjects independance. The Shah was, however, permitted to retain some of the Yemeni coast, which he did, stretching the Persian Empire from the Caspian to Arab Seas.
Khalid returned to Mashad in 1774, where he re-married Lina Osmalia, whom he permitted to return from Zanzibar. He continued his reforms, and declared himself Emperor Khalid I Shah, Emperor, Shah, and Khan of Persia. in 1775, likewise declaring his major wife, Lina Osmalia, Empress Lina Osmalia Shah'ana of Persia, and his remaining minor wives, Queens of Iran. He declared the heirs of the Empire to be the eldest sons of his major wife, and made his son, Khalid, Sultan of Muskat, and Crown Prince. The Crown Prince married Nasreen Ahmed, niece of the late Omani Sultan. Khalid I died in 1780, and was succeded by his son, the Sultan of Muskat, and Emperor Khalid II Shah, Emperor, Shah, and Khan of Persia. By 1785, Emperor Khalid I Shah was being referred to as "the Magnificient." His tales had reached European ears. In 1787, the British East India Company requested permission to establish a port in Bushehr, which greatly began benefitting the empire.
In 1790, Empress Nasreen Shah'ana gave birth to a daughter, whom the Emperor began to base his entire life of off. He named the girl Ameerah, and declared her, Princess of Persia. The Nobles at court, most pro-western, advised the Emperor to adopt the European titles of dignity, and to style himself and his major-wife "Imperial Majesty" and their daughter "Imperial Highness." He did. Between 1791 and 1794, Khalid continued his reforms of the Empire. He officially declared the empire to be known as the "Afsharid Empire of Iran" and that all subjects be referred to, no longer by their ethnic origins, but as "Iranians." The first Iranian ambassador to Europe, to the Court of Vienna, was Prince Lotf Ali-Khan, of the Ali-Khan Family, in 1792. The Emperor became horribly ill in February of 1793, after having fall onto an old, rusted knife. By mid-September, it was apparent the Emperor would die. He consulted his Council, which included the Austrian Ambassador, Archduke Josef Anton, the Holy Roman Emperor's brother, kindly referred to by the court as "Al-Habsburg." The Archduke told the Emperor how Charles VI, a previous Austrian emperor, had only two daughters, and that the religion and government in Austria forbade women from ruling, so Charles VI passed a Pragmatic Sanction, forcing all neigboring nations to recognize his daughter, and her male descendants as Emperors.
Emperor Khalid II Shah, and the Imperial Council agreed it was necessary for the Afsharid Dynasty to continue, and on October 20, 1793, His Imperial Majesty Emperor Khalid II Shah, Emperor, Shah, and Khan of Iran, Sultan of Oman, Prince of Bahrain, King of the Uzbecks, Overlord of the Northern Tribes, and Conqueror of the Arabs, signed into law the تنبيهى از امپراتور عملىى, شاه و خان لطف و حمايت از دختر او محبوب) شاهدخت (نام قديم )ايران, translated into English as "Pragmatic Sanction of the Emperor, Shah and Khan, in Favor of His Beloved Daughter, the Princess Ameerah, Princess of Persia."
Sadly, Emperor Khalid II died, a week later, on October 27, 1794, and his daughter, Princess Ameerah, was declared "Her Imperial Majesty Empress Ameerah I Shah'ana, Empress, Shah'ana, and Khaness of Iran, Sultana of Oman, Princess of Bahrain, Queen of the Uzbecks, Overlord of the Northern Tribes, and Conqueress of the Arabs. This infant, not yet five years old, was now imperial sovereign of an empire stretching from the Caspian Sea, to the Arabian Sea, with full grown war lords in East Africa, the Arabian penninsula, India, and Iraq as vassals, swearing allegiance, in the name of Allah, as their Mistress. With advice from the Austrian Ambassador, the young Empress's mother, Nasreen, was styled "Imperial Mother of the Iranians" and given the dignity, "Highness." Prince Ismail Al-Karim, second cousin of the late Emperor, was declared "Protector of Iran" or Regent, as closest male relative.
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