Arab conquest of Spain was a failure

That would lead to an interesting division of the Carolingian Empire

Hispania would be South Francia, perhaps ITTL there won't be a Middle Francia, which would be divided between West and East Francia? Though any sensible division would depend on the date of any Frankish conquest.
 
Iberian languages and especially toponymy have a huge Arabic influence--this will not exist TTL. No doubt many Ibero-Romance languages lumped under "Mozarabic" IOTL will be allowed to develop TTL. It's interesting to imagine the development of Iberian languages without OTL's Arabic influence, and indeed how Iberian cultures will develop without the Reconquista concept and the dynamic of Christianity vs Islam.
On the other hand, there would still be Arabic or Arabized loanwords that would enter the ATL Ibero-Romance languages through the south of the peninsula, particularly in the cities of Seville and Cadiz.

And also, the Basque/Aquitanian influence in the (Ibero-Romance) dialects spoken in Cantabrii and ajacent regions.
 

Teejay

Gone Fishin'
But remember that both the Roman and Visigoth era borders were in part based on the geography of Iberia. This continues during the Reconquista, go check the borders of the taifas or Almoravids and such. So powerful Gothic nobles will find themselves constrained by geography as the Arabs and Christians were in the Reconquista, and this will produce roughly similar borders.

This will likely mean Antiquity-era names for regions of Iberia like Carpetania and Baetica survive. Iberian languages and especially toponymy have a huge Arabic influence--this will not exist TTL. No doubt many Ibero-Romance languages lumped under "Mozarabic" IOTL will be allowed to develop TTL. It's interesting to imagine the development of Iberian languages without OTL's Arabic influence, and indeed how Iberian cultures will develop without the Reconquista concept and the dynamic of Christianity vs Islam.

Several different Romance languages would have developed along the old Roman provincial borders all closely related to each other. Although what is now Galician, Asturian, Castilian and Argonese would still exist however they would be confined to the North. There would also be additional separate languages at least in the old Roman provinces of Lusitania, Carthanginesis and Baetica, maybe even more.

Depending on the political dynamics, Spain could be easy or very difficult for the Franks to annex it into their empire. If they could do it, there would be a lot of Frankish influence (particularly in Law) in Spain, which was absent in OTL.

I am inclined to say it would have been very hard for the Franks to conqueror Spain, therefore Spain remains outside the Frankish sphere and might even able to conqueror what is now Occitania and bring it into the Spanish orbit. Then there would be a division in Western Europe between Francia and Hispana.
 
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Teejay

Gone Fishin'
On the other hand, there would still be Arabic or Arabized loanwords that would enter the ATL Ibero-Romance languages through the south of the peninsula, particularly in the cities of Seville and Cadiz.

And also, the Basque/Aquitanian influence in the (Ibero-Romance) dialects spoken in Cantabrii and ajacent regions.

Modern Spanish only has 8% of it's total vocabulary diverted from Arabic (compared to 29% of English words coming from French), in this timeline there aren't going anywhere as many Arabic loanwords.
 
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