alternatehistory.com

The monarchies that had been victorious against Napoleonic France established new national borders for Europe at the 1814-1815 Congress of Vienna. In the final analysis, Hamburg, Bremen and Luebeck came out well from the Congress of Vienna. Their status as independent national entities was restored and old political institutions were reinstituted. Could there have been a different outcome from the Congress of Vienna, especially one that would not have been advantageous? This leads to the follow-up question: What would have been the consequences for the development of the cities if, after the French occupation, they had never again achieved the status of free cities?
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