Well, as Iori said, the area roughly between Syria and Turkey was probably the first place in the world where the kind of agriculture the modern one comes from was consistently developed. At least, this is what is understood today. It sould be remembered that our picture of such a remote past depends largely on what we find where.
However, Mesopotamia has just a better environment for the development of urban and state life in the proper sense, and it is most likely the place where writing was invented (possibly together with Egypt, which offers comparable conditions in this regard).
Simply, alluvial plain offer so higher agricultural yields if compared with the (probably earlier) pluvial agriculture of the Levant and Anatolia. At least, this is the case with the domesticated grains we know.