From the Appennines to the Pennines
Approved by the monarchist greaser
[FONT="]Excerpts from Friedrich Becker, "How I ended at Wellington's party and managed not to throw up. Immigrants in the British Commonwealth", Ch. XIV, Spannung Press, Chicago 1905[/FONT]
[FONT="][...] Born in 1801 in Cesenatico, a small coastal town whose inhabitants had their fishing boats as only means of subsistence, nobody at the time would have thought Agostino Savini would have been anything else than a fisherman struggling to bring something on his family's dining table, like his father, his grandfather and all his ancestors since the beginning of historical recording. But growing up, Agostino discovered that hauling nets wasn't the only kind of manual work he was skilled in. Learning of his own accord from every mason, carpenter and smith who lived in or passed through Cesenatico, by the age of seventeen this son of a fisherman had become a sort of factotum for the people of his hometown, since he was an expert in everything about bricks, wood and iron. In that same year of 1818, encouraged by his father, who had anyway three other sons to help him on his boat, Agostino left Cesenatico for the first time in his life to go to Cesena, one of the richest cities in Romagna, to try if his skills could gain him a better living than the one a fisherman was bound. [...] After his marriage with Ambra, the prospect of making children made Agostino start pondering over his future in Romagna: part of the Papal States since the IX century, the territory had always been the most unruly towards the Pope's authority and, because of that, the most ill-treated (Borgia's campaign which brought destruction upon Forlì was an indelible part of local folklore), and ecclesiastical interference was very felt in everyday life. Cesena was an anomaly, having always been a hub of Papism, but that didn't mean clergymen didn't enjoy an inordinate amount of (indirect) power. And that was a thing Agostino could not tolerate forever [1]. It's hard to tell what made him "the greatest priest-eater Italy ever produced", as Aurelio Saffi, a friend he made during his English sojourn, described him [2]. What's sure is that his dislike for the Catholic hierarchies could very well have cost him his chances of keeping his construction firm as profitable as it was then, in the long term, and Savini knew it. All things considered, it must not come as a total surprise if a man whose longest journey he ever set out for was the one from Cesenatico to Cesena and a woman who never ventured out of the hinterland of her city suddenly agreed that the British Commonwealth held better chances for their future. On the 21st of March 1824, speakers carrying a most unusual ensign, red, white and blue in vertical bands, appeared in the central squares of every major Italian city, plus some important regional centers like Cesena, and read the following message in the local dialect:[/FONT]
[FONT="]People of the Italian Countries, descendants of glorious tradition of the Eternal City:[/FONT]
[FONT="]To all of you who carry or carried on the trades that concur to create works of architecture,[/FONT]
[FONT="]His Excellence Arthur Wellington, Chancellor of the British Commonwealth,[/FONT]
[FONT="]Extends an invitation to come to the fair homeland of the English, the Welsh and the Scots[/FONT]
[FONT="]To lend your services in the realization of our most ambitious, nation-wide plan[/FONT]
[FONT="]Of enriching all British cities with buildings, both public and private, in the style[/FONT]
[FONT="]Founded by your most excellent fellow countryman Andrea Palladio,[/FONT]
[FONT="]He who was undoubtedly the most worthy heir of the architects of the Eternal City.[/FONT]
[FONT="]Those who will answer to this call and embrace the Anglican faith will receive British citizenship at their arrival on the island of Great Britain,[/FONT]
[FONT="]Or otherwise a safe-conduct that will allow them the right of assembly for religious purposes.[/FONT]
[FONT="](Very generous contract terms follow)[/FONT]
[FONT="]While most Italian craftsmen probably didn't know who Andrea Palladio (who had died more than two centuries before) was, the contract terms were enough to persuade many masons, carpenters and smiths to follow the speakers in their journeys back to the Commonwealth. Agostino Savini, with his versatile talent and fascinated with what little news of the Fascist ideology had gotten to him [3], was one of the first to accept the offer. [...][/FONT]
[FONT="][...] but it was only on the 14th of May that conflict with the designer broke out. Confronted with an arcade to the main entrance which was only four feet wide, Agostino finally resolved to question Mr. Felton's project. But since the latter, even though confronted with incontrovertible reasons for having a wider covered passageway, kept on answering
ad infinitum that the width of such architectural elements could only be twice the diameter of the side columns, Savini, not accustomed to planning processes where all decisions were imposed from above, finally snapped and announced that his team would have never gone on with the project as it stood. It's documented that he was furious because of the designer's attitude rather than his illogic choices, but the thing is that, the day after, he received a letter which carried new dispositions for him and his team: the fifteen of them had to move immediately from Sheffield to Colchester for [...][/FONT]
[FONT="][...] Hugh Wavell was killed in cold blood that fateful morning of the 30th of August 1826 by the foreman's assistant. He was 15 and guilty of having carried a kind of gravel that was too coarse for a "proper" lane's bed. That event badly shook Agostino and his morale only got worse when he accidentally discovered one month later that the aforesaid assistant used the building yard's statement of expenses as a way to amortize his own debts [...][/FONT]
[FONT="]The ceremony for the launching of the
BCS [4]
Puritan, the Commonwealth's most advanced warship, is probably the most important event attended by Mr. Savini during his English sojourn; perhaps because it was the one that finally persuaded him to leave the country. Presided by the British Chancellor himself, the whole event lasted a whole afternoon due to a number of unexpected occurrences. In other words, Arthur Wellington managed to throw in the waters of Southampton Agostino Savini (twice), the tricolor-sashed Mayor, the secretary for the Navy and the 102-year-old Baroness mascot-for-life of the Admiralty[5], to waste the whole national reserve of year 1804 Chateau Lafitte and to cut off the Archbishop of Canterbury's right pinkie. The ceremony was then suspended waiting for the ecclesiastic's murdering fury to placate and Agostino seized the chance to get out of the port's waters, go home and tell his wife to start packing their things. In three years, Mr. Savini had come to deeply understand Fascist ideology. It was relatively simple: the lowlier you were as a human being, the higher place you could aspire to. [...][/FONT]
[FONT="][1] Savini's anti-clericalism was really a serious thing if it managed to be noticed in Romagna, home of the most blasphemous sort of Italians. Some documents attest the presence of a priest suspiciously fond of his altar boys in his hometown, at least until a very unfortunate incident with a particularly large fish-hook.[/FONT]
[FONT="][2] A fellow son of Romagna (born in Forlì), he was a compulsive traveler rather than another Italian working immigrant.[/FONT]
[FONT="][3] Apparently, during his sermons, Savini's parish priest used to bring up the Commonwealth as an example of what could happen to his flock if they dared to deviate from the way traced for them by the Holy Roman Church. Whether this deviation was Wellington's Revolution or the arrival of Protestantism on the British Isles (and for that matter, which Commonwealth he was referring to) could be debated. [/FONT]
[FONT="][4]
British Commonwealth Ship.[/FONT]
[FONT="][5] All authorities were stealthily launched later that day. [/FONT]
[FONT="]Excerpts from Cristina Favaretto, "Architecture after the Age of Revolutions", Ch. IX, editore Scarpa & figli, Venice 1942[/FONT]
[FONT="][...] while also known to the general non-British public as "Commonwealth Style", "Neoteric Palladianism", "Second Neoclassicism" or "Puritan Mannerism", none of these terms was coined in its homeland. Boylist buildings were always called simply «New Design/Palladian constructions» in state documents and as «Yorkies» by the population, so effectively giving the whole architectural current the nick-name "Yorkie Style" that still survives to this day in Britain, upgraded to official term because of its nearly universal use. [/FONT]
[FONT="][...] Therefore, it was in large part thanks to Inigo Jones, architect and intellectual, if Palladio's style and
magnum opus, the
Four books of Architecture, became known in the insular kingdom. However, if one could go back to the first half of the XIX century and attend anyone of the classes of the Department of Architecture in the St. Edward's Public Academy of Arts and Crafts, the most recurrent name he'd hear would undoubtedly be Richard Boyle's, 3rd Earl Burlington: a man born one century after Jones, but somehow elevated to much greater historic relevance by the Second Commonwealth's version of past British history. Boyle's lesson and works were so central in the education of future British architects foreign observers started to paste the title «Boylist» to any new British building more complex than a horse stable. Historians haven't yet been able to find a convincing reason for Jones's sidelining in favor of Boyle, especially since the former, a fervent Puritan, was everything but politically inconvenient for the new regime. According to Mary Anne Green, Wellington's chief biographer, the Chancellor himself ordered this sanctification of the former Great Lieutenant of West Riding after a visit to Burlington's
magnum opus, the Assembly Rooms of York [1], where he would have «understood, after observing the fine proportions of the dance hall, what really made so awe-inspiring the monuments of that City whence [he] took inspiration for creating this new Fascist country. It's indeed in the harmony between all parts, not in the excessive size, that lies the success of a building, and in the end of an entire nation». Putting aside the usual hagiography, it's interesting to notice that, while there's no believable account of a Chancellor's visit to the Assembly Rooms in the formative years of the new British architectural style, a key figure in Wellington's inner circle was born in York and an amateur designer: Samuel Tuke, Advisor for the Domestic Morale. While his artistic production is completely unremarkable, his literary works about the environmental impact [2] are a fine example of proto-psychoanalysis. In particular, in his unpublished
Architecture and emotion, structured as a trip on foot across his native city of York and inside its most representative buildings, he has the chance to describe the Assembly Rooms as «heavy for a man's eyes and soul and so disregarding of his measures and needs that one wonders which masturbatory purposes guided Burlington's pen, since his clients' requests surely never bothered his creative process». The answer to the "Burlington's preeminence" dilemma lies in these few words.[/FONT]
[FONT="]Richard Boyle saw his generation as the last before a cultural revolution that would have shaken the artistic world from its torpor, which had mummified the Renaissance ideals into Mannerist repetitiveness before and Baroque excess later. So he began producing architecture that, he thought, would forerun the future he and his Neo-Palladian fellow artists envisioned. But when his "prophecy" came true and Neo-Classicism became a reality so glorious it exceeded every expectation, Burlington's attempts changed in a blink from "inspirational" to "outdated". Oppressive, pedantic, unimaginative: these were the adjectives the new generation used to describe the work of the man who first foresaw their coming. And those same words were used again in the XIX century by an expert on the ambient-psyche relationship who also had the Leader's ear. In the new British society, where the ruling class knew its power would have been preserved as long as the common people would have been prevented from dreaming or hoping for better conditions, everyone had to live, work and die in an environment where everything was designed to de-humanize him/her, to cleanse his/her mind of non-Fascist thoughts. With this in mind, understanding the reverence for Earl Burlington during the Second Commonwealth does not require great mental effort.[/FONT]
[FONT="][1] Completed in 1732, their project was conceived by crossing Palladio's description of the Roman basilicas with his reconstruction of the so-called «Egyptian halls».[/FONT]
[FONT="][2] The study of the way different environments, both natural and built, influence the psyche and productivity of a human being (so not OTL's meaning). [/FONT]