Having gone over the map in my head (because I enjoy that sort of thing), and having noticed you're in Australia so you may not be familiar with all these, here are three sizable places (sizable meaning population 100,000 or more):
Two explicitly Catholic names:
Los Angeles - short for something like "the City of Our Lady of the Angels (los Angeles) of Porciuncula"
Corpus Christi (in southern Texas) - which means Body of Christ, in Latin.
Of course you have a slew of cities named after saints - especially in areas colonized by the Spanish, from Texas to California, but also Saint Louis (Missouri), Saint Paul (Minnesota)....
The largest place I can think of with a "classical" name (although I don't know if ther was a New Testament church in its namesake) is Syracuse, in New York State.
But a lot of the small towns around there have Roman names (Ovid, Pompey, Virgil....). Which must have been a deliberate thing. I'd guess that when the area was opened for settlement, and names were needed for municipalities that at that point only existed on paper, someone said, let's go Roman. In fact, the name "military tract" is coming into my head. Let me see what I can find ('cause I enjoy that sort of thing too)....