America - Albion's Orphan - A history of the conquest of Britain - 1760

With the Irish there are 5 kings XD

But anyway the permanent split of the British isles are the best news not only for the French but for the rest of the European mainland nations that can now dedicate themselves to reach continental dominion without perfidious Albion getting in the way.

We are up to five on Britain: Scotland, Northumbria, Mercia, Anglia and England. That doesn't count Ireland, the Isle of Mann (France) and if the Dukes of Wales or Cornwall-Devon decide to promote themselves.
 
Got a couple of questions about Wales.
1) I see the current Duke can't speak much Welsh; does he have a child/heir who was brought up in Wales and is fluent in Welsh? That could be good for long-term stability.
2) I see Wales took over some of the border regions with England. Did they take Liverpool? Liverpool historically had a sizeable Welsh population IOTL and was even known as the "capital of North Wales".

1. I would say the Welsh heir would speak fluent Welsh.
2. I didn't change any of the Welsh borders. Liverpool is part of Mercia (formerly ERA).
 
Chapter 125: False Peace
1793 - Winter

Britain


The assorted factions of Britain would publicly resent the French "interference" in Britain's affairs but many would secretly welcome the respite from warfare. The harvest had, once again, been bad. The weather had improved form the ghastly winters of 1788-91 but the endless conflict had cost much of 1793's harvest. Hunger ravaged most of England and many tens of thousands of Englishmen fled across borders deemed safer than their own (at least viewed as such).

Once again, huge numbers of Britons sailed across the sea. Where once 5000 British migrants to America per year was the norm, in 1792-93, this would approach over 100,000. Families would pawn anything they had to cross the ocean but transport was simply beyond most commoners' ability to summon the funds. Indenture service, long in decline, maintained its multi-year resurgence.

Many of these migrants hoped to work a few years and then promptly start their own farms or businesses. However land in the coastal regions of America had long since been taken, at least that land deemed most desirable. The northern colonies would have little demand for large-scale indentured labor and it was well-known that the rocky soil of the north was difficult to cultivate.

Most preferred the "middle" colonies of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia. Here, land was still moderately abundance and the weather less pestilential. But the soil which once raised tobacco had long since turned more towards less labor-intensive crops like sugar beets, wheat, hemp and orchards. Here, help was only needed at harvest and most farmers could not afford to pay good money for an indentured servant when they required only a few months hard labor. Far cheaper to hire short-term help.

However, the most demand for cheap labor (and 8 pounds sterling per head was certainly cheap) remained in the slave Dominions of North or South Carolina or, even worse, the hellish Deep South. Though the latter region was "Free", the pox-infested lands' heat and humidity would shock Englishmen accustomed to the relative mild climate of their native land.

However, staying in Britain held its own perils beyond mere starvation. Gangs of renegades and highwaymen ravaged most of the border areas and few to none of the emergent Kingdoms managed to stay their hand. Economic collapse prevented most gainful tax collection and the ill-paid and fed soldiers would often engage in looting to supplement their meager incomes or inadequate rations.

While most (but not all) direct military confrontations had ended, the political battles had barely begun and espionage, sabotage and mutual undermining would politically cripple much of what was once called England.

Scotland

Having determined that the Scottish civil war could not truly be won by any side, the power brokers of the northern corner of Britain would grudgingly agree to peace talks. The fear of future English domination was as much a motivator as the need to end the mutual slaughter.

Witnessed by restive Clan Highland Leaders, City Merchants (whom desperately begged for peace) and Lowland "Anglo"-Scottish gentry, King John of the House of Atholl would be crowned. Many doubted the creaking and unstable government would last but most Scots knew that continuing the Civil War would ravage their lands to the point that the mass slaughters of the Duke of Cumberland in the 1740's would be but a pleasant memory in comparison.

A new Parliament would rise, one bearing 40 "representative" peers in the House of Lords and 90 members of the House of Commons. Of all the Governments of Britain, this would be the one most similar to the extinct British government in form and function. Universal suffrage was scoffed at even in the Commons and, accustomed to taking leader ship from their clans, most Scots accepted the return to the old ways as being in the nation's best interest. Stability was paramount in 1793.

The chaos of the past thirty years must end.

Wales

The Duke of Wales, having witnessed two new self-appointed King crop up in various corners of England (the French would demand that the former ERA realm of western England go by "Mercia" and the Parliamentary Cavalier region in the east be termed "Anglia" for convenience sake but most King and commoners would view their corner of the isle as "England"), would decide to promote himself to King as well.

Why not? Everyone else was doing it.
 
Chapter 126: European Unrest
1794 - Spring

Madrid and Naples


The Count de Floridablanca had guided Spain through much of the long summer under Carlos III...and now he would witness the stagnation under Carlos IV. Floridablanca's political enemies managed to get the Queen's ear. Once that happened, it was inevitable that the Prime Minister must fall. The Count of Aranda would replace him. In truth, the pair had few major political differences. It was a personal rivalry which drove the mutual antagonism. Aranda would continue many of his predecessor's policies.

However, Aranda's hold on power would be tenuous as well. Aranda sought Floridablanca's arrest but here the King would refuse. Even the dimwitted Carlos IV knew that this was a political witch hunt. This granted the out-of-power politician the hope of regaining his office someday.

The Queen's favorite was a young impoverished nobleman named Manuel de Godoy but it seemed unlikely that Her Majesty could maneuver such a junior man into power given the support of Aranda and Floridablanca among the reform-minded political classes.

In an attempt to keep the partisan warfare out of the Cortes, the King ordered Floridablanca to Naples where his government had not possessed such a capable figure since Tanucci.

Once in Naples, the new Prime Minister would be deluged by requests for aid (or promises of aid) from the Papacy. Given Floridablanca's long-held feuds with the church, the fact that Pope Pius asked HIM for help said a great deal. In truth, Floridablanca was sympathetic. The almost unprecedented expansion of the Corsican-Piedmontese Kingdom across northern Italy was unexpected. The Papal States were perhaps a tempting target should King Victor decide to cast his covetous eyes south. Would the threat of excommunication stay his hand?

Or could the Pope depend upon one of the great powers of Europe: France, Spain-Naples and Austria?

Carlos IV was perhaps willing to protect the Papal States out of religious fealty. Floridablanca was more concerned with dynastic reasons. Should the Papal States fall...would Naples not be next?

No matter how irritated Floridablanca may have been with Carlos IV's weakness and lack of loyalty, the Count knew his own support could not waver. He would send an unambiguous message to King Victor: Hands off the Papal States.


The Swiss Confederacy

While the Confederacy feigned to be a government, in reality it was nothing more than a loose association of frequently feuding Cantons which possessed even less than a central government than the Dutch Republic.

Only when threatened by outsiders would the Swiss present much in the way of unity. The wealthy cities would fund resistance movements against invaders and, more often than not, the trespassers would determine that trying to occupy the most daunting terrain in Europe was not worth the bother.

The internal conflict between Vaud and Bern had allowed the French a toehold in the Alps. While many leaders of the feuding Cantons would fear this set a precedent, they refused to support Bern in its attempt to regain domination over Vaud. The fact that so few Vaud natives resisted French claims to annexation left adequate evidence of the unpopularity of the Bernese regime.

Still, even the acquisition of a single square inch of Swiss soil by another power may encourage many others to nibble off more, Canton by Canton.

Vienna

Though the resistance continued in Serbia, the worst of the rebellions against the Habsburg government had slowed to a crawl. This allowed Emperor Francis to turn his attention west where France had spontaneously annexed the Prince-Bishopric of Liege. In truth, the government finances could ill-afford a war with France. Anyone whom could read a map knew that the day France gained the Austrian Netherlands which had virtually surrounded Liege that it was only a matter of time. But Austrian Ministers had hoped to somehow trade Liege for something of value to the Habsburgs, maybe French agreement to allow an eastern acquisition.

But, beyond a few pointed diplomatic complaints, the Habsburgs could do nothing. Lacking significant allies in the region (there were few western German states of note to serve as advance bases), no one in Vienna believed that Liege could be retaken for the Holy Roman Empire...or that anyone particularly cared.

But the relations between Francis II and his Aunt and Uncle in Paris would continue to deteriorate. Louis XVI did not take dictation from his wife (unlike Carlos IV of Spain and Naples) and the French acquisitions would prove quite popular with the French people...especially as they came with little cost or blood (unlike most of Louis XV's wars).

France's finances were relatively stable, the nation was at peace and modest reforms continued apace. Most importantly, the terrible frigid winters followed by failed harvests seemed to have passed.

The 1790's were a good time to be a Frenchman.
 
Chapter 127: Benign Neglect
1794 - Summer

Kingdom of British North America


As the Americans crawled inexorably westward past the Appalachian Mountains towards the Mississippi, the rate of conflicts with the natives tribes of the region would intensify. In most cases, this violence would prove fleeting. The young King Frederick assumed the role of "Great White Father" that previous French monarchs had played in the past and took it as a matter of honor that the nation would meet its treaty obligations. Still, European immigration would continue to populate much of the west, sparking resentment. The "Four Civilized Nations" to the south and the Iroquois Confederacy to the north had ably negotiated their own land claims and, by 1794, few whites were inclined to challenge them. But smaller, less influential tribes would find the American encroachment too much to bear and many would cross the Mississippi in order to get away from them.

However, the wave of migration proved that even this great body of water could not stop the Americans and tens of thousands were settling on the western face of the Mississippi, even into the Spanish colony of Tejas. Here a few thousand settlers would "petition" to be allowed to remain. The Spanish governor far to the south was willing to consider the idea until it was pointed out that the settlers reportedly were engaging in slavery (though only in very small numbers). Thus, the Governor would reject any American settlement and demand that the interlopers depart. That the Americans brought a measure of development, resources and population that Spain had failed to provide in 300 years of colonization was troubling.

While the plains of Tejas were remote and considered impoverished, the first significant conflict between Spain and America since the defacto occupation of the Floridas was brewing.

Manhattan

George Vancouver in 1794



George Vancouver would kneel his head and humbly received the Gold Medal struck in his honor. King Frederick personally placed it around his neck and solemnly welcomed the explorer into the Knighthood of the Order of St. Patrick, St. Andrew and St. George, the honorary society created by the late King to recognize Americans whom had contributed much to science, technology, the military and civic services (a very, very broad category). As American politics meant raising peers was politically combustible (even if peerages had no official power), Knighthoods and Baronetcies were the best the King could do.

Having reached the Pacific, Vancouver's trek back to Manhattan had proven every bit as dangerous as the march out. In hindsight, the explorer was just happy that the Russians hadn't executed his party.

Most importantly, the English-born American of Dutch descent had closely surveyed the Rocky Mountains (as they were called) and determined a pair of viable passes through. The question remained if the King and his Ministers would somehow endorse Americans travelling thousands of miles west across Indian-plagued plains, cross the narrow trails and then argue with the Russians (and maybe the Spanish) if they would be allowed to stay.

The extensive line of supply and communication seemed to make any aggressive action on behalf of the Americans doomed to fail especially when one considered the vast lands still open to settlement within King Frederick's sphere and the inherent regional differences between the vast Kingdom of North America's Dominions.

But that wasn't Vancouver's problem. He received his recognition, a modest pension and a nifty medal. What more could one ask for?

Well, maybe a GENEROUS pension but the American government funding had never been known to be inclined towards generosity.

For his part, the young King was certainly not going to stick his head in such emotional matters. Sometimes it was best to leave well enough alone until the day came when one could actually DO something about it. Anything before then was a waste of time and effort.

The King's government would recommend more westward movement and worry when the Americans looked up and saw Spanish or Russian eyes staring back. Then they could decide what to do.

As it was, the King was too busy to care. Queen Louise had bourn him his first son the previous winter, named Henry in honor of his father. By fall of 1794, the Queen would be pregnant again (she WAS very pretty and the King didn't even bother with a mistress), this time with the couple's first princess. Unlike much of Europe, females were more than welcome to the succession in America where there was no Salic Law (though Heirs Male had precedence).

As both of the King's sisters also had heirs, the monarchy in America seemed more than stable.

Bourbonia (South Pacific)

The huge (but largely barren) island of Bourbonia would see a steady demand for the sugar, wool and whale oil produced along the southwest. Even some vineyards had been planted to support local French demand for wine.

Over the past decades, the remote French island had at least made itself self-sufficient in foodstuffs (the Bourbonians ate more lamb, beef and other meats than their cousins in the Old Country by an order of magnitude) as ranching, farming and fishing prospered along the fertile eastern and southeastern coasts. This allowed the Bourbonians to focus much effort on exports like sugar, wool, etc. Lacking a workforce for the sugar plantations, the French would "recruit" every Pacific Islander they could get their hands on as well as the native Bourbonians. When demand continued to outpace supply, the French looked elsewhere but the reports of harsh conditions had already made it to the courts of the Vietnamese Monarch and the Peshwa. They steadfastly refused to allow any form of recruitment of their peoples and the local French East India Company officials and French national officials would not argue as they knew their own position in the region was weak.

Instead, the French sought from further and further afield as far as Tahiti, the Soloman Islands and Guam for labor. By 1794, the vast Pacific Islands were being steadily emptied of humans, mostly dragged mercilessly towards the southwest Pacific. Polynesians mixed with Melanesians with even more exotic peoples.

With Russian influence in Hawaii, the French were unable to "recruit" among the Inuit or Siberians but anything south of that was fair game. On one memorable occasion, "recruiting" vessels even carried off 500 Easter Islanders.

So removed from Versailles was this colony that reports of this pseudo-slavery barely made a ripple in the Parisian social scene where once abolition had proven such a fashionable topic.
 
Bourbonia (South Pacific)

The huge (but largely barren) island of Bourbonia would see a steady demand for the sugar, wool and whale oil produced along the southwest. Even some vineyards had been planted to support local French demand for wine.

Over the past decades, the remote French island had at least made itself self-sufficient in foodstuffs (the Bourbonians ate more lamb, beef and other meats than their cousins in the Old Country by an order of magnitude) as ranching, farming and fishing prospered along the fertile eastern and southeastern coasts. This allowed the Bourbonians to focus much effort on exports like sugar, wool, etc. Lacking a workforce for the sugar plantations, the French would "recruit" every Pacific Islander they could get their hands on as well as the native Bourbonians. When demand continued to outpace supply, the French looked elsewhere but the reports of harsh conditions had already made it to the courts of the Vietnamese Monarch and the Peshwa. They steadfastly refused to allow any form of recruitment of their peoples and the local French East India Company officials and French national officials would not argue as they knew their own position in the region was weak.

Instead, the French sought from further and further afield as far as Tahiti, the Soloman Islands and Guam for labor. By 1794, the vast Pacific Islands were being steadily emptied of humans, mostly dragged mercilessly towards the southwest Pacific. Polynesians mixed with Melanesians with even more exotic peoples.

With Russian influence in Hawaii, the French were unable to "recruit" among the Inuit or Siberians but anything south of that was fair game. On one memorable occasion, "recruiting" vessels even carried off 500 Easter Islanders.

So removed from Versailles was this colony that reports of this pseudo-slavery barely made a ripple in the Parisian social scene where once abolition had proven such a fashionable topic.

Hmm... who controls New Guinea and the islands of OTL Indonesia at this time? That's quite big, would have a large supply of people who could be "recruited".
 
Hmm... who controls New Guinea and the islands of OTL Indonesia at this time? That's quite big, would have a large supply of people who could be "recruited".

France Controls New Guinea and the BEIC controls Indonesia (taken from the DEIC in the previous war while the DEIC assumed the BEIC's influence in Bengal).
 
Any possibility of French revolution?

Possible as France remains an autocracy (even more than OTL due to the suppression of the nobles) but the regime is more popular due to better economic times, territorial expansion and the tapering off of the Little Ice Age which caused the failed harvests and mass starvation.
 
Any possibility of French revolution?

So long as the current King leaves matters of state to his ministers and doesn't enter any ruinous wars, revolution seems unlikely. The French are still in the happiness stage after the destruction of the UK XD
 
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France Controls New Guinea and the BEIC controls Indonesia (taken from the DEIC in the previous war while the DEIC assumed the BEIC's influence in Bengal).
Oh, then in that case I'd expect France would probably be able to recruit plenty of people from New Guinea to Australia... New Guinea has a largeish indigenous population.
 
Chapter 128: Price of Victory
1794 - Summer

Eastern France


While the French annexations of Liege, Vaud, Savoy and Nice were acclaimed by the general public as further examples of French cultural and racial supremacy, the truth was that the integration of these regions into France caused great social and structural problems. Virtually none of these people WANTED to be French. The people of Nice and Savoy had been callously given away like pawns while Liege and Vaud had been betrayed by Frenchmen whom entered their territories to aid rebellions, not to conquer. Or so they thought.

Swiss partisans, both of Vaud and the other Swiss Cantons, would harass the French in the Alps.

The acquisition of Nice and Savoy would lead to questions about the status of the local dialect of the Italian language. Would schoolchildren in these regions be expected to learn French?

That wouldn't go over well.

Though France's problems were dwarfed by those in Austria and England, the Kingdom maintained a subtly discontented air. King Louis' ministers would seek public favor by lowering the salt tax and eliminating the corvee in most instances other than war (like failure to pay taxes).

Spain

The Count de Aranda would immediately face a wide variety of enemies the day he assumed power. Most were simply men without agenda beyond grabbing a slice of the Spanish Empire. Lacking a strong King, the Count would stand alone before them.

His reforms would garner him a measure of popularity. However his attempts to encourage industry in regions of Spain beyond the Basque and Catalan heartlands largely failed. His attempts to expand trade with the colonies by lowering barriers (including foreign transport) would have a greater effect. As with most reformist ministers in Europe over the past half century, Aranda would seek to soften and standardize the legal system and wipe out the vestiges of feudalism.

Yet these would be haphazardly implemented and enforced thus would prove less effective than intended. Floridablanca had experienced the same problems.

Moscow

Czar Paul would spend the past years vigorously rooting out any hint of disloyalty. The more his secret politic terrorized the Russian nobility, the more resistance they found.

Like his Continental counterparts, the Czar attempted to modernize his nation economically...though without making the necessary social improvements. Yes, Czar Paul believed in fair justice, industry, science, art and other improvements. However, he explicitly did NOT plan on giving up power. Why should he? Would the nobles of Russia rule with such good intentions.

Paul would raise his teenaged son Alexander with this in mind.
 
As it was, the King was too busy to care. Queen Louise had bourn him his first son the previous winter, named Henry in honor of his father. By fall of 1794, the Queen would be pregnant again (she WAS very pretty and the King didn't even bother with a mistress), this time with the couple's first princess. Unlike much of Europe, females were more than welcome to the succession in America where there was no Salic Law (though Heirs Male had precedence).

As both of the King's sisters also had heirs, the monarchy in America seemed more than stable.

hmmmm....

Soon to be seen, the ATL versions of Princess Charlotte of Wales and Queen Victoria.
 
Chapter 129: Collapse
1794 - Fall

Britain


As Britain fragmented into seven nations, even the most impartial observer would admit it seemed unlikely that the little island's peoples could survive apart economically. Rivers were the internal arteries of trade. They carried grain, wool, coal, iron, etc from one corner of the island to another, feeding industries in the cities which turned the raw materials into goods (mainly textiles in the late 18th century) meant for export.

As Britain often did not produce enough agricultural goods to feed itself, the balance of trade which provided hard currency was especially vital to the old Great Britain and each of the seven inheritors on the island.

As each Kingdom or Duchy (there were rumors that the Dukes of Wales and Cornwall-Devon would promote themselves one of these days into Kings) still struggled with forming a banking system and, due to years of violence, trade between regions had ground to a halt, the overall British economy had collapsed. Even Scotland, Wales and Cornwall-Devon suffered after years of violence.

The new King of Scotland (James) would be the first to advocate a loose union of British states, perhaps akin to the Dutch Republic or, at the very least, the Swiss Confederacy. Given the recent bloodshed and open vows by assorted monarchs to "reunify" Britain, this plan was predictably deferred.

By 1794, the French and Irish had "guaranteed" the borders of each of their "friends and allies" in Britain. This transparent attempt by the French and Irish to maintain this divide for their own purposes drew resentment from all corners of the former England including King William IV whom viewed the French recognition of the "Traitors" in Northumbria, Mercia and Anglia as a betrayal of their former alliance. However, the French could blockade the southern coast, utterly wrecking trade....and cutting off desperately needed foodstuffs. Due to the size of London's population, southern England had a higher proportion of people in non-agricultural labor, which put William IV in a poor situation. France did not need an expensive invasion to bring William to his knees. A handful of ships in the English Channel (he was surprised that Louis XVI hadn't renamed it the "French Channel") would be enough to shatter the nation's economy. Even cutting off French munitions and military support would be crippling. Of course, the French were arming other regions of Britain as well as the truncated Kingdom of England.

A young Northumbrian poet named William Wordsworth (if ever a name was designed for a poet, it was Wordsworth) would derisively allude to "Perfidious Gaul" in his first famous Poem, Bitter Fallen Leaves, a thinly veiled attack on the fragmentation of Britain (known as Britainization to later generations). Despite being indirectly criticized in the poem as one of the new feuding Kings of Britain, King George of Northumbria would actually subsidize the Poet in later years.

Versailles

The Comte de Vergennes had spent years quietly subsidizing the assorted factions of Britain but the only true alliance his master had was with Scotland, Wales, Cornwall-Devon and, oddly, England. The latter referred to King William IV's southern state which, ironically, France had done so much to undermine by quietly aiding the breakup of England itself into four more territories.

As the seven feuding states of Britain seemed fairly evenly balanced (only Cornwall-Devon was substantially smaller in population than the others), Vergennes determined that less French resources would be necessary in the future. In the best of circumstances, France would never have to muddy its hands directly in Britain again. If one of the petty Kingdoms got uppity, perhaps only a blockade of that Kingdom's coast and arming its enemies would be enough to maintain the status quo (one which greatly benefitted France).

With Britain and Prussia truncated, the Dutch Republic a shadow of its former self, Austria economically shattered for the next decade at least and Spain mired under its weakest ruler in a century, France seemed to have few true rivals.

Instead, France's Prime Minister would concentrate on industrialization, internal improvements, reducing the debt, absorbing new territories and assorted reforms.

In 1794, the last vestiges of feudalism were abolished and Vergennes made sure every peasant in the country knew to whom they owed their gratitude. Many of the nobility still resented Louis XV for suppressing the regional Cortes and replacing it with a centralized justice system. Vergennes had learned from his predecessors to ensure the crown took credit among the people as their protector.

In the meantime, Vergennes would dispatch a note to King Victor of Corsica whom had just renamed his expanded realms the "Kingdom of Italy". Vergennes explained that his master Louis XVI would not welcome any aggression against the Papal States.

As it turned out, the new King of Italy had another region in mind for expansion.
 
Chapter 130: Open avarice
1794 - Winter

Turin


King Victor Emmanuel of the newly appointed "Kingdom of Italy" (really just northern Italy) had accomplished more in the past few years that his Savoyard ancestors had in centuries. He'd consumed Lucca, Genoa and most of Venice with barely a demur from the rest of Europe, something he'd have considered an impossibility in his youth (he had reached the ripe old age of 35 in July).

However, by 1794, it became apparent that the almost universal distraction of the great Catholic powers of Europe (France, Austria and Spain) was coming to an end and Victor knew better than to act directly in opposition to these powers. Instead, Victor sought to strengthen his borders against these nations and deemed that the Swiss Alps would be the preferred option.

Here, he may actually have an ally. King Louis XVI and his Ministers appeared happy to take advantage of foreign distractions to consume territory. And the House of Bourbon had long held similar ambitions as the Savoyards in strengthen their borders via natural geographic formations...like the Alps.

The Swiss Confederacy had long been an odd political grouping. A handful of Cantons were virtually sovereign and often paid little attention to one another. Their governances varied. Some were pure democracies, some were monarchies, some were run by the church, others by patricians and a few by guilds. There were even Free Cities.

Other regions, not technically part of any cantons, (like the western region of Vaud which had been conquered by France in the past half-decade) would be held as condominiums with rule broken out among all of the Cantons or just a select few.

Vaud had been ruled by Bern. Several Italian-speaking territories had been conquered by the Swiss from the old Duchy of Milan almost three centuries prior. They would be governed by a bizarre pseudo-Holy Roman Empire without the Emperor...or particularly powerful states.

King Victor would gaze upon the Italian-speaking regions along the Ticino River which had little say in their own destiny.

Why, what Italian King COULD NOT aid in their liberation?

But Victor knew that he would need assistance, not just tolerance. Fortunately, the French monarchy seemed inclined to gaze covetously at the Swiss Cantons...or at least the French-speaking ones in the west (though they tended to be Protestant).

Victor would make an offer through intermediaries in the winter of 1794/95 to "his brother" King Louis XVI.

The 13 Cantons of the Swiss Confederacy.

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1024px-Old_Confederacy_18th_centur.png


Structure_old_swiss_en.png
 
The Comte de Vergennes had spent years quietly subsidizing the assorted factions of Britain but the only true alliance his master had was with Scotland, Wales, Cornwall-Devon and, oddly, England. The latter referred to King William IV's southern state which, ironically, France had done so much to undermine by quietly aiding the breakup of England itself into four more territories.
If England were to change its name to become something more accurate at some point, I'd suggest "Wessex". The historical kingdom of Wessex covered most of that area.
 
Victor Emmanuel has Napoleon... but France still has Murat, Davout, etc., correct? We likely won't see themduke itout, but it'd be interesting.

After Spain, what would they seek? Would Naples accept they going after Ottoman Ibya? Could they make a pact to take it if France takes Algeirs? What about the Ottoman Balkans?
 
If England were to change its name to become something more accurate at some point, I'd suggest "Wessex". The historical kingdom of Wessex covered most of that area.

Yeah, I was thinking of Wessex as well but, of all the assorted "Englands", I think that my William IV would be least willing to rename the realm he'd been nominally governing for decades. At least, he would not make such a concession quickly.
 
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