Triffid
The
triffid is the genus of 11 to 14 species of aggressive carnivorous plants, all colloquially known as simply “triffids.” The name (established during the 1940s) refers to the plant's three leg-like stumps; the name originally was “trifid,” meaning “split into three parts” in Latin. These species are naturally found on every continent (including Antarctica) except Europe (until introduction of the Asian variety in the early 1950s). The genus belongs to the family Sarraceniaceae, and are distant relatives to the Venus fly trap, the cleome, and the chromolaena odorata plant of South Africa. The triffid has become a vital source of alternative fuel since the late 1990s.
Triffids originated in Africa, then Indonesia, before spread among the warmer regions of the planet. During its reproductive cycle, the triffid releases thousands of seeds into the air, most of which are carried by wind to farther-away regions, where only some manage to take root before local animals can consume them. This form of distribution could explain their presence across most of the world.
Due to the dangers of approaching a triffid – certain species can eject poisonous gas even hours after death – Soviet biologist Trofim Lysenko was the first person to produce an in-depth study of the plant. During the 1930s, Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin ordered Lysenko to study the species in the hopes it could be controlled and ultimately used as a weapon for the Soviet Army. Lysenko’s 1948 report is still heavily relied on when studying the Asian Triffid species today.
History
The origin of the triffid species has been disputed, but it is currently believed that the triffid species of central Africa – specifically, the Democratic Republic of the Congo – is the earliest form of the triffid. Mainstream scientists have rejected the notion that the triffid is of extraterrestrial origin, and have affirmed that the plant is indeed a naturally occurring species. Triffids were traditionally exterminated, albeit to high human casualties at times, upon discovery by European explorers to Asia and the Middle East, until the thirteenth century. During that century, Europeans learned how to utilize the natural oils of the African Triffid variety for textile dye. While the existence of triffids in the Americas was confirmed in the eighteenth century, large Asian Triffids first came to the attention of Europe and western society in general in 1926, when Umberto Christoforo Palanguez presented the Arctic & European Fish Oil Company with an unusual new vegetable oil being developed in Siberia. After Palanguez’s disappearance in 1931, a sounder of triffids was discovered in South America in 1938, confirming recent reports of “forest demons.” In 2010, frozen triffid seeds of as-yet-undetermined age were discovered in a frozen glacial lake in Antarctica.
Locations
Triffids typically grow in equatorial regions, and they develop quickly in tropical zones. The average full-grown triffid is 7 feet, but certain varieties can grow to be much taller. While triffid seeds a can be carried by wind, fully-grown triffids can travel on and across water via large floating mats of debris and vegetation. As Triffids require meat and photosynthesis to live, they can become more aggressive in areas devoid of direct sunlight as it forces them to increase their nutritional intake. In North America, standard triffids have developed a form of echolocation; swamp-dwelling triffids in the American South are fully aquatic, and a small number of giant triffids (triffidus megaliodorata) exist around the Finger Lakes region of New York state. Studies have revealed that, owing to their constant exposure to small doses of triffid venom in their air, water and food, a quarter of the inhabitants of regions where triffids perennially live are immune to triffid venom.
Uses
The plant is considered highly valuable due to its unique attributes. Its natural oils, when burned and mixed with other natural compounds, produces a long-lasting energy source that has since been utilized for cooking, heating, transportation, and other uses. Upon discovery in the fourteenth century that docking the stingers of the plants render them harmless, docked triffids soon become fashionable, and as it takes triffids two years to fully regrow their stingers, captive triffids are safe if pruned annually. Triffid farms are built to produce triffid oil, which is of greater quality when taken from undocked specimens. Triffids in the British Isles are highly valued as energy and food sources. For the oil’s extraction, triffids are sedated and housed closely together, which has created some controversy in recent years involving Plant Rights groups. The venom of the triffid has been used in various poisons and gases for centuries. The plant’s flexibility and mobility to attack prey have also lead to some more wealthy individuals attempting to use them to guard property.
Appearance and Habits
According to the novel, the fictitious triffid can be divided into three components: base, trunk, and head (which contains a venomous sting). European triffids never exceed 8 feet (2.4 m), while there have been confirmed sightings of wild triffids exceeding a height of 10 feet. The record-highest height reached by a triffid occurred in Arizona, where a triffid with a growth disorder reach a staggering height of 60 feet before being destroyed by the US military before it could devastate a small Arizonan community. The base of a triffid is a large muscle-like root mass, comprising three blunt appendages. When dormant, these appendages draw nutrients like how a normal plant does. When active, triffids use these appendages to propel themselves around. The top segment of the triffid consists of a stem in a funnel-like formation containing a sticky substance which traps insects, similar to its pitcher plant and fly trap relatives. Also housed within the funnel is a stinger which, when fully extended, can measure almost 10 feet in length. When attacking, a triffid will lash the sting at its target, primarily aiming for its prey's face or head, with considerable speed and force. Contact with bare skin can kill a human instantly if given enough force. Once its prey has been stung and killed, a triffid will often root itself beside the body and feed on it as it decomposes; only in a few cases has a triffid attacked for reasons unrelated to either hunger or self-defense.
Depictions in popular culture
The hostile nature of the Triffid is often exaggerated in popular culture. Native cultural groups in Africa, the Americas, and Australia all mention the triffid in folk tales, warning children not to explore the wild unsupervised. Public awareness of the dangers of the triffid increased after World War Two, with a major contribution to this rise being John Wyndham’s 1951 novel
The Day of the Triffids. The novel concerns the breakdown of human civilization after most of the world’s population is blinded by a meteor shower, leading to triffids killing people. A radio dramatization of the novel was made in 1957, followed by a film version in 1962. The 1962 version cast the African triffid variety – which have gas-propelled projectile stingers instead of coiled tendrils – as the story’s antagonists; the film was also criticized by the scientific community at-large for suggesting triffids were extraterrestrial in nature. The BBC produced a TV series more faithful to the 1951 novel in 1981. Another TV series based on the 1951 novel was produced in 2009, this time focusing on the African triffid variety.
(note: some sentences taken directly from the OTL triffid wiki article)