A wikibox based on a party from elections in my
Winters of Discontent TL. (I'm gonna do a National Conservative one as well.)
*
The National Liberal Party was a Eurosceptic, neoliberal political party in the United Kingdom, originally founded in 1988 by five right-wing Conservative MPs, David Evans, Edward Leigh, Nicholas Ridley (who became the party's first leader), Norman Tebbit and Ann Widdecombe, who abandoned the party when the government of Michael Heseltine rejected a private member's bill to restrict the right of European vessels to fish in British waters during the Factortame scandal, arguing that Heseltine was unwilling to protect British sovereignty.
The party's formation proved highly significant and was widely publicised as Ridley and Tebbit were prominent frontbenchers, and the party was praised in editorials in right-wing newspapers such as the
Sun,
Daily Mail,
Daily Express and
Daily Telegraph. The party also achieved some immediate electoral success, coming 290 votes short of winning the Kensington by-election in July 1988, only a few months after its founding, and in February 1989 managed to make its first gain, picking up the North Yorkshire seat of Richmond with former Tory student leader William Hague.
At the general election three months later, it ran candidates in 162 seats out of 650 and retained five of the six seats it had held at dissolution (the exception being Ann Widdecombe's seat of Burnley, which ironically the party lost not to the Tories but to Labour) and won 2.6% of the popular vote; analysts suggested that its vote had been much better concentrated than most previous minor parties and its candidates were more high-profile, hence why they had held their seats so successfully, and its decision to not run a full slate of candidates and risk losing many deposits was seen as a shrewd one.
During the following Parliament, the party initially proved fairly low profile, with John Smith's Labour Party generally overshadowing it in terms of criticizing the Heseltine government; its members even supported Heseltine's implementation of the anti-gay Section 28 and the Poll Tax. However, after Heseltine's successor John Major faced a significant rebellion from fifty-five Conservative MPs on the ratification of the Maastricht Treaty and forty five of them resigned the Conservative whip, on Hague's recommendation to one of the most senior rebels, Nick Budgen, those forty-five MPs joined the Nat Libs, marking the first time since 1929 that more than two parties had over 50 seats in the House of Commons.
However, the National Liberals quickly came under far greater scrutiny following this, as infighting between its MPs (most prominently between Hague and Budgen) was highlighted in the press and their commitment to British sovereignty was called into question when its new MPs refused to resign their seats and defend their new allegiances at by-elections. A further humiliation came when the party came a distant second to the Liberals in the Christchurch by-election in July 1993, where the party had been hopeful for a gain.
When the 1993 election was called in August, the infighting became a bigger problem, exemplified by a row between Hague and Budgen where Budgen declared without consulting Hague that the Nat Libs would support a Tory government in a confidence and supply arrangement if Major abandoned the Maastricht Treaty, and a recording leaked to the press showed Hague snapping at Budgen, "This isn't your bloody party, it's mine!" This fiasco caused the party to plummet in the polls, and it was also hurt by its steadfast opposition to Maastricht on any terms rather than simply opposing the Social Chapter like the Tories or wanting the Chapter implemented to protect workers' rights as Labour did and by the fact it chose to run candidates in 483 seats, many of which it had little to no chance of winning.
Of the 50 seats they had held at dissolution, the Nat Libs retained 24, beat the Tories to every seat they had previously held (though many lost their seats to other parties, including Budgen, who lost lost his Wolverhampton South West seat to Labour), and secured 4.9% of the national popular vote. While this was a sizeable accomplishment for the party, it was greatly overshadowed by the massive Labour victory and the sizeable gains by the Liberals, with many Conservatives viewing it as having damaged their party's chances. On top of this, 305 Nat Lib candidates lost their deposits, putting the party in considerable debt.
After the election of ardent Eurosceptic and former Defence Secretary Michael Portillo as Tory leader in December 1993, he made overtones towards cooperation with the Nat Libs and spoke privately with Hague and other senior figures in the party about organising a non-competition pact for the next election. As a step towards this, the two parties arranged a new policy platform called 'Back to Basics' to campaign for traditional values and responsible (limited) government. However, this quickly backfired when scandals started to come out about Tory and Nat Lib MPs behaving in decidedly improper ways.
Following the death of John Smith and his succession as Prime Minister by Tony Blair, the Nat Libs and Tories decided reforming into a single party was the only way they had a chance of defeating him at the next election, both because of the Nat Libs' shortage of funds and because of the splitting of the right-wing vote; as a sweetener for the Nat Libs, Hague was promised a major cabinet position. Consequently, in April 1995, the National Executive Committees (NECs) of both the Tories and the Nat Libs declared that their parties would be wound up and fused into one new party, the National Conservative Party. A small handful of members of the Nat Libs and Tories refused to join the new merged party, but the continuity National Liberal Party did not retain any of the party's MPs and has not been able to make any electoral breakthroughs beyond the district council level.