The Great War - 1914-1919
Baltic Campaign
To knock the Russian Empire out of the war both the British and German high-command looked at the Baltic region as a way to get close to doing so. The Russian Army had been stretched across Eastern Europe fighting the German and Austro-Hungarian Armies as well as in the Far East against the Japanese Army. Seeing their opportunity, the Anglo-German Navy crushed the Russian Baltic fleet off the coast of Gotland opening the Baltic region for their joint invasion. Landing in Estonia and Latvia the Anglo-German Army quickly gained a foothold, pushing the limited Russian resistance away from the coastal areas. Cities such as Riga and Parnu would hold out for several months with the combined forces finding it hard to pressure the defends to surrender – with the case of Riga it would last for much of the campaign. Although with the early success the Anglo-German army would soon find difficulty against the Russians with the combination of disagreements between the British and German generals as well as fighting the Russian Army now in control of
Aleksi Brusilov. By late 1917 the Russians where once again pushed back however to the Narva River where the two armies would start to entrench themselves – this ended with the revolt of Finland backed by the German Government allowed the Anglo-German army to capture Petrograd in late March with the new Finnish Government allowing their forces to attack the city from the North.
By this time the Russian Empire had dissolved, defeats in the Far East against Japan and their failures in Eastern Europe spelt the end for the Russian Monarchy with the Russian Republic established in 1917, this did little to stop the encroaching Anglo-German army. With the capture of Petrograd, the Russians would sue for peace signing the Treaty of Petrograd in the Winter Palace on June 5 1918.
The Baltic Campaign allowed the German Government to begin to set up their series of states to act as a buffer zone between them and Russia with Lithuania and United Baltic Duchies [UBD] being created as their armies pushed the Russians out of the Region. In the case of the UBD, with their capital established in Tallinn (Though it would move to Riga in 1920) they assisted with what they could against their former occupiers. Finnish Independence that became a life-line for the Anglo-German forces in the capture of Russia came quickly in mid-1917 as the weakened Russian Army found it difficult to control however the Island of Aland would continue to be control by the German Navy in their attempts to control the Baltic sea in a post-war world.
Treaty of Petrograd
The Russian Army had been pushed back across Eastern Europe by the Allied Powers. Vladivostok had been captured by the Japanese and with the joint Anglo-German invasion into the Baltics the Russian Empire started to fracture. Discontent amongst the Russian Soldiers and Generals soon lead to the Russian Emperor Nicholas II to be deposed and a new Republic was set up. This new Republic did little in the way to change Russia’s fortunes in the war. The Russian capital was forced to move from Petrograd to Moscow in late 1917 as the Anglo-German Armies closed into the old Capital following their combined victories at the Battle of Nerva allowing them to cross the river and onward into Russian Land. Having to not only deal with the ongoing war but also regional and political revolts springing up across Russia the new government soon sued for peace with the Allied Powers.
The Treaty of Petrograd, signed in the old Tsar’s home of the Winter Palace took Russia out of the war on a separate peace deal. Not only would they have to pay Billions in reparations to the various Allied Powers but their once mighty empire was slowly carved up. Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania and Finland where to be given complete independence from Russia as well as the German Backed – United Baltic Duchies would be created out it’s old territory. Not wanting the Marxist uprisings to gain much foothold there was an extra-clause included that would have the Allied Powers send material aid to the Russian Government in dealing with the Marxist threat. Though with the ongoing war and the extra focus in knocking out the French and Italians this aid barely came in, with the Russian government relying of material from the United State but once again was hindered by the uncooperative stance of the Japanese Government in the far east.
The Treaty was overly orientated around the victorious European powers and for the most part ignoring much of the Japanese gains in the Russian Far East. The Japanese Government wanting to expand it’s own power argued for a Japanese backed state to be set up around the Amur-Region though this didn’t gain much traction from the German, British and Austro-Hungarian Governments. Japan would get a share of the reparations from Russia as well as freehand from the Russian Republic for the Japanese Movements in the far east – seen in the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in the late 1920’s. The Treaty of Petrograd not only brought Russia out of the war but essentially the Japanese who refused to send aid to the Allied Powers against the French and Italian forces still locked in combat with the Allies.
The treaty was a death-sentence for the Russian Republic. Any aid promised in their fight against the Marxist uprising. Though many of the Russian populous wanted an end to the war many saw the peace deal as humiliating for the Russian people. With the Marxist rhetoric of brining back the glory of the Russia for the masses they began to swell in support. The following Russian Civil War [1919-1921] would see the Russian republic crumble and the Russian Soviet Republic replace it.
With Russia succumbing to the exhaustion of war the might of the Allied Powers turned completely onto the Franco-Italian entente who had been able to hold back the tide of the Austro-German forces as several attempts of an amphibious invasions by the British such as the disaster that was the Apulia Campaign. Regardless the Entente had lost their colonial possession and by 1917 the British where finally able to take control of French Corsica and Italian Sicily and Sardinia. The Austrian Breakthrough of the Italian forces culminating in the Po Valley Campaign would spell the defeat of the Entente with The Swiss Government stepping in acting as Mediator of Peace in 1919.
Much like that of the Treaty of Petrograd the remaining nations of the Entente would pay heavy reparation’s and here much of their empire would be dismantled. France in comparison to Italy would get off fairly lightly still allowed to keep part of their empire in North Africa – that of Algeria, Tunisia ad West Africa. Though Germany would still refuse to give up control of other areas such as in their control of French Kameron, Madagascar and Indochina. The entire Italian Empire was dismantled with remnants split between the British and oddly the Austro-Hungarian Forces. The latter was pushed by Franz Ferdinand who in his dream of creating a mighty Austro-Hungarian Navy thought having those colonies such as their half of Libya and Somalia would pressure his own government into accepting his dream. Smaller countries would receive their ‘rewards’ such as Rhodes being given to Greece. The French and Italian Army was also reduced in size as well as restrictions placed on their navies and air force (that had played a large part in the conflict.)
An attempt to set up the League of Nations was created at the behest of the United States President, Charles E. Hughes though this didn’t gain much ground. Although the British, German and Austro-Hungarians joined the organisation though would look to their own alliance networks such as that of the British – Imperial Commonwealth and the German – Mittleuropa System to benefit their own international needs in both cases born out of a need to stabilise their sudden growth in their empires. This really left the League of Nations as a useless forum for nations to bicker without any real forms of power. The United States own power within the League of Nations would dwindle as the issues of the post-war world grew globally.
- Based in the same from as my Titanic Info-Boxes from a few threads back - which were inspired by a Darkest Hours WW1 Game I played as Britian in the Central-Powers.
- POD's #1 - RMS Titanic makes it to New York in 1912 but get sunk by a French Submarine leading to the British Empire entering into WW1 on the side of Germany and Austro-Hungaria
- POD's #2 - Wihelm II dies while attending a trip to his hunting lodge in Rominten in 1906 leading to Wilhelm III becoming Emperor.
- There is a few errors - such as my mouse appearing in The Great War infobox and the Treaty of Versailles being the image in the Treaty of Zurich. With the Former it would mean re-doing the entire infobox which I cannot be bothered to do. With the latter I wasn't sure what image to place as i'm not that adept at Photoshop to create a new one so you'll have to use a little imgaination there!
- There may be other errors which I have not picked up which please be free to tell me about as well as please do critique my work, I always want to improve for the better.