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The
1998 United Kingdom general election was held on June 11, 1998 to elect 659 Members of Parliament to the House of Commons. The election was won by Neil Kinnock's Labour Party, who won a second consecutive majority government, although it lost 21 seats. The opposition New Conservative Party, still led by John Redwood, gained 21 seats, but the result was generally considered below expectations as they had been hoping to solidify their grip on areas formerly loyal to their predecessors but were disappointed to find almost 14% of the electorate still wedded to Ken Clarke's Conservatives.
The election was similar in terms of results to the last election four years earlier, with Labour winning a comfortable majority thanks to two right-wing opposition parties competing from the same pool of votes. Labour regained seats it had lost four years before in Scotland, whilst the SNP remained the dominant party north of the border, but did fall back after the high water mark of 1994. Both the Liberal Democrats and the Conservatives, now under new leadership, made gains, although for the latter the result was not nearly as good as hoped, with some party supporters hoping that a significant enough recovery would have allowed it to claim back swathes of seats it had lost in the last election.
Whilst it had been generally expected that Kinnock would win a majority, the scale of his victory was surprising as it was generally believed that voters had grown tired of his premiership. Prior to the election, he had promised to step down before 2002, but ill health and his age led to him opting to step down two years after the election, where he was replaced as expected by his Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown.
The
2001 United Kingdom general election was held on July 5, 2001 to elect 659 Members of Parliament to the House of Commons. The election was called by Prime Minister Gordon Brown who, after a year in power, opted to seek a mandate separate from the one won by his predecessor Neil Kinnock three years earlier. Brown successfully won a marginally larger majority and a historic third consecutive Labour election victory.
Before the election campaign began, there were attempts from the opposition right-wing parties to merge the New Conservative Party and the traditional Conservative Party into a united electoral machine. Discussions suggested that even if the parties could not agree a common policy platform, they could stand down in each other's target seats to prevent vote-splitting. After Ken Clarke's departure as Tory leader, former Deputy Prime Minister and staunch Europhile Michael Heseltine won the party crown and fundamentally opposed any union with the Eurosceptic New Conservatives or an electoral pact. At the start of 2001, the New Conservatives reformed into the Conservative Alliance after it merged with the Referendum Party and the UK Independence Party (UKIP). Former New Conservative leader John Redwood was defeated in the subsequent leadership contest by his former Shadow Culture spokesman Bernard Jenkin, who became the first and to date only leader of the Alliance.
Labour gained four seats as, in line with polling, it experienced a 'new leader bump' in support. The Alliance made some minor gains, including its first seat in Scotland, but again was the victim of vote splitting amongst them and the Conservatives, allowing Labour candidates to win seats with very slim pluralities. The Scottish National Party, Liberal Democrats and Conservatives all lost seats. After defeat, Michael Heseltine would step down as Conservative leader and be replaced by Stephen Dorrell, who campaigned on a promise to seek to "reunite the right" with the Alliance.