As promised, the next revamped segment in the
Hail, Britannia series - New England:
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The
Commonwealth of New England is a constituent country of the United Kingdom on the northeast coast of North America, bordered by Canada to the north, the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the northeast, Columbia to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south and southeast. New England is a federation consisting of ten provinces with a total population of over 16 million spread over an area of approximately 319,000 square kilometres, making it the tenth largest dominion by population and the eleventh largest by area.
Pilgrims from England first settled in the region in 1620, forming the Plymouth Colony, one of the earliest English settlements in the Americas. Ten years later, the Puritans settled north of Plymouth Colony in Boston, thus forming Massachusetts Bay Colony. Over the next 126 years, people in the region fought in four French and Indian Wars, until the British and their Iroquois Confederacy allies defeated the French and their Algonquin allies in North America. In the late 18th century, political leaders from the New England Colonies initiated the resistance to Britain's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The Boston Tea Party was a protest to which Britain responded with a series of punitive laws stripping Massachusetts of self-government, which were termed the "Intolerable Acts" by the colonists.
The New England colonies were amongst the earliest members of the American Colonial Congress in 1776 and the region played a prominent role in the movement to abolish slavery in the British Empire, which was achieved following the Emancipation Crisis (1834-1839). During the Republican Rebellion (1848-1852) the Boston Republic sought to achieve independence for the entire region, although it was one of the first of the American republics to be defeated in 1850, and reconstruction of the city and surrounding area would last well into the 20th century.
New England was formed on 1 October 1866 as a federal dominion of ten provinces. Each province is principally subdivided into small incorporated municipalities known as towns, which are often governed by town meetings, with the only unincorporated areas existing in the sparsely populated northern regions of Vermont, New Hampshire, New Brunswick and Maine. A densely populated region, New England has historically been an important centre of industrial manufacturing and a supplier of natural resource products, such as granite, lobster, and codfish. New England’s economy is the 8th largest in the United Kingdom, with food exports, military defence industry, finance and insurance services, as well as education and health services making up a large portion of the economy.
The
2015 New England federal election was held on 9 September 2015 to elect, under the first past the post system, the 232 seat in the House of Commons of New England. The election saw the incumbent
Liberal government defeated, with Prime Minister Martha Coakley losing her seat, although no party was left with a majority in the house, resulting in a hung parliament. The
Conservatives, under leader Petar MacÀidh, won the largest number of seats and were able to form a coalition government with the
Moderates, who had become the third largest party in Parliament, surpassing the
Progressive Democrats.
A key part of the coalition agreement was the pledge to hold a referendum on electoral reform during the term of the new Parliament, which has been provisionally scheduled for March 2017, where the electorate will be asked to vote on changing the electoral system to the mixed member proportional system.
The two largest political parties in New England are the
Liberals and the
Conservatives, both having been established in 1866 when the dominion was formed. The Liberals have been the most successful in New England political history, having held office for a total of 70 years over twelve First Ministers and are considered the nation’s natural governing party. Although officially affiliated with the
Alliance of Imperial Liberals and Reformists, the New England Liberal Party is slightly more leftish than other British Liberal parties, with the party advocating social liberalist and liberal socialist policies. Polls suggest that about a third of voters who vote Liberal in federal elections actually vote for the SDP in imperial elections.
The Conservatives are the main party of the centre-right in New England, affiliated with the
Imperial Conservatives, Democrats and Unionists. Although they were in opposition between 2001 and 2015, the Tories, as they are colloquially known, have steadily gained support over recent years, and with election of the Gaelic-speaking Petar MacÀidh to the
party leadership in 2011, edging out Massachusetts politican Scott Brown in a close contest (Brown was subsequently elected Deputy Leader), giving them a major boost, they have now surpassed the Liberals as the largest party in both houses of the New England Parliament, as well as being the largest party in the New England delegation in the Imperial House of Commons.
New England Gaelic is the dialects of Scottish Gaelic spoken in New England, where it is the majority language of the three provinces that make up Gaelic New England, Nova Scotia, Cape Breton and Prince Edward Island. New England Gaelic is also spoken in smaller populations in New Brunswick, Maine and throughout New England. At the federal level it is co-official with English in New England, whilst at the provincial level it is the sole official language of Cape Breton, is co-official with English in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, and is co-official with English and French in New Brunswick.
The
2015 United Kingdom imperial election in New England was held on 5 November 2015 to elect, under the first past the post system, all 18 New England seats in the Imperial House of Commons. The election saw both the
Liberals, under interim leader Chellie Pingree, and the
Progressive Democrats lose seats, whilst the
Conservatives and
Moderates gained 2 seats each. The
Greens and
Gàidhlig Caidreachas (Gaelic Alliance) retained control of the seats of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton respectively, both of which are considered safe seats for each party. Characteristic of a UK-wide trend, minor parties in New England performed better in imperial elections than federal elections due to the mixed member proportional system which combines the nationwide popular vote for each imperial political alliance and distributes list seats to give a proportional House.
Hail, Britannia
UK SDP leadership spill, 2004 & leadership election, 2011
American Theatre of World War I
Federation of India
Oregonian general election, 2011
Kingdom of Hanover; Hanoverian general election, 2012
Kingdom of Scania; King Valdemar V; Crown Prince Christoffer
Spanish State (1936-1945)
National Republic of China (1927-1947)
Florida; Floridian general election, 2013; Floridian, Texan & Californian Spanish
Britain-in-America; North American Dutch; Daniel Taylor; Isaac Brock; Taylor-Brock family; Dukedom of Manhattan
Kingdom of Hawai'i; Hawaiian general election, 2015; King Kūhiō; Native Hawaiians
Hawaiians in the United Kingdom (Hawaiian British)
Russian America; Province of Alaska; Orthodox Church in America; Alaskans; North American Russian; Russian-American Company
Mexican Empire; Mexican federal election, 2013; Emperor Agustín V; President of the Government; Josefina Vázquez Mota
First Minister of Florida; Order of the Star of Florida; 2015 Floridian independence referendum; Viceroy of Florida; Carlos López-Cantera; Juan Taylor-Brock y Menendez
Dominion of Newfoundland; Newfoundland general election, 2016; Newfoundland Gaelic; New Labrador Party; Order of Newfoundland
Kingdom of the Californias; Californians; Californian general election, 2013; King Ramón IV; Wasatch Autonomous Region; Jon Huntsman Jr.
Nova Scotia (& 2013 provincial election); New Brunswick (& 2014 provincial election)
Dominion of Canada; Canadian federal election, 2015; United Democratic Federation; Canadian Alliance; Progressive Conservative Party; Alaskan Uprising; North American French
George Washington; Marquessate of Mount Vernon; Washington family