Convair F-102 and F-106
For many years Air Defense Command was forced to rely on aircraft or variants of aircraft operated by Tactical Air Command. The first aircraft specifically designed for ADC service was the Convair F-102A Delta Dagger, entering service in 1956. Although the prototype aircraft was embarrassingly incapable of exceeding the speed of sound, redesign using newly discovered aeronautical principles enabled the aircraft to meet its performance requirements. The aircraft significantly increased the capabilities of ADC, being the first interceptor capable of speeds above Mach 1 and the first equipped with a nuclear armed air to air missile, the AIM-26 Falcon. The aircraft proved popular and reliable in ADC service, with over a thousand produced.
The F-102A's Mach 2 successor, originally designated the F-106 Delta Dart, was officially canceled in 1958 in response to the atomic bomber gap in favor of the North American F-108 Rapier. However, with the designation changed to the F-102B, several dozen aircraft entered service with ADC, substituting for the final F-102A aircraft. While based on the older F-102A aircraft, the design differed greatly from its predecessor and utilized a more powerful engine and refined air intake design.
However, the F-106 would eventually enter service, although in a role quite different from its original conception as an interceptor guided by the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment system. With highly maneuverable canard equipped Soviet MiG and Communist Chinese Chengdu fighters entering service in the 1960s, the USAF decided to focus on developing its first dedicated dogfighter in years. With its low wing loading and high thrust to weight ratio, the ADC F-102 was determined to have significant potential as a dogfighter, and development of the F-106 Javelin series began in the mid-1960s. Canards and a partial fly-by-wire system were adopted, as well as a turbofan variant of the Orenda Iroquois developed by Allison. A new bubble canopy, internally mounted 20 mm M61 Vulcan cannon, and dogfighting variant of the AIM-4 Falcon were also introduced on the Javelin, and the external pylons were wired to allow for external carriage of ordnance instead of supersonic fuel pods.
While the Second Korean War broke during testing and the USAF was forced to procure the Northrop F-5 as an emergency dogfighter, the F-106 has had a successful career in both domestic and foreign service. As one of the last American combat aircraft designed with natural stability, the Javelin has earned the nickname “the last dogfighter”.
Operators
-- China, Republic of
---- Republic of China Air Force (F-106A/B)
-- Germany
---- German Air Force (F-106A/B)
-- Greece
---- Hellenic Air Force (F-102A)
-- Imperial Iran
---- Imperial Iranian Air Force (F-106A/B)
-- Israel
---- Israeli Air Force (F-106A/B)
-- Japan
---- Japan Air Self-Defense Forces (F-106A/B)
-- Korea
---- Korean Air Force (F-106A/B)
-- Turkey
---- Turkish Air Force (F-102A)
-- United States
---- United States Air Force (F-102A, F-102B, F-106A/B)
------ Air Defense Command (F-102A, F-102B, F-106A/B)
------ Tactical Air Command (F-106A/B)
Specifications (F-106A/B)
-- Crew: One
-- Length: 70.7 feet (21.55 meters)
-- Height: 20.28 feet (6.18 meters)
-- Wingspan: 38.25 feet (11.67 meters)
-- Wing Area: 925 square feet (85.94 square meters) control total; 695 square feet (64.57 square meters) wings and 230 square feet canards (21.37 square meters)
-- Empty Weight: 24,420 pounds (11,077 kilograms)
-- Loaded Weight: 34,510 pounds (15,670 kilograms)
-- Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW): 43,000 pounds (19,505 kilograms)
-- Powerplant: 1 x Allison Iroquois afterburning turbofan with 20,000 pounds (89.0 kilonewtons) dry thrust and 30,000 pounds (133.4 kilonewtons) thrust with afterburner
Performance (F-106A/B)
-- Maximum Speed: 1,440 knots (2,667 kilometers per hour)
-- Combat Range: 1,600 nautical miles (2,963 kilometers)
-- Ferry Range: 2,300 nautical miles (4,260 kilometers)
-- Service Ceiling: 65,000 feet (19,812 meters)
-- Wing Loading: 37.3 pounds per square foot (182.2 kilograms per square meter) at loaded weight; 46.5 pounds per square foot (227.0 kilograms per square meter) at MTOW
-- Thrust to Weight Ratio: 0.58 dry at loaded weight, 0.87 afterburning at loaded weight; 0.47 dry at MTOW, 0.70 afterburning at MTOW
Armament (F-106A/B)
-- Guns: 1 x M61 Vulcan, detachable internal mount
-- Missiles: 4 x Hughes AIM-4 Falcon (internal)
-- Other: Up to 8,000 pounds external