Name: Constitutional Union Party
Nation: United States of America
Founding: 1860-1900
Ideology: American Nationalism, American Unionism, Nativist Anti-Catholicism, Abolitionism, Temperance
Overview: Formed by the remnants of the Whig and American (Know-Nothing) Parties in an attempt to prevent the Civil War, the Constitutional Union Party was at first instrumental in securing the establishment of the state of West Virginia following the secession of the bulk of Virginia at the duration at the beginning of the Civil War. For a brief period, they were inactive as a party, but got back their footing with the election of George McClellan in 1864 and the subsequent collapse of the Republican Party. During the 'Terror of '65', they were key in the scapegoating of Catholics, Irish-Americans, and immigrants of all stripes as those 'responsible' for the loss of the war, and the subsequent branding of President McClellan as a traitor to the republic. The Party quickly gained steam, in part thanks to business funding and the immolation of the former Republican Party, not to mention a strong paramilitary wing responsible for the untold deaths of thousands of Irish Americans during the 'Terror of '65.'
The Terror, however, didn't seem to end with the mass violence against Irish-Americans and Catholics, rather, it became a constant state of mind for much of the American public. In the 1866 midterm elections, the Constitutional Union Party swept itself into control of Congress and set its goal on 'removing the foremost November Criminal' from the White House. After impeaching McClellan on a dubious charge at best in 1868 (The so-called 'Tenure of Office' Act) and thus, lame ducking the new President, George Pendleton, they set their sights on even higher office, and in 1868, attained the Presidency as the Democrats imploded.
From 1868 until the late 1880s, when they were in power, the Constitutional Union Party paved the road for a revanchist, nearly fascistic United States. Tariffs were raised, industry flourished as a result, Separation of Church and State was eroded quickly by CU-appointed Justices on the Supreme Court, thus, promoting protestantism at the expense of Catholicism, Unions were busted, and discriminatory 'Jim O'Brien' laws were enacted, severely restricting the movement of those of Irish heritage. Immigration quotas were strict and immigration strongly discouraged by the national government. The government also began a stage of massive military buildup, in anticipation of an invasion of the Confederacy.
On the bright side, the CU did manage to live up to its promise to the Republican base it largely absorbed--slavery was abolished shortly after their initial victory in 1866, but African-Americans, much like the Irish-Americans, were denied most rights by discriminatory acts in the vein of the Jim O'Brien laws.
By the late 1880s, with the Confederate invasion of Mexico, the Constitutional Union Party finally saw its efforts of fearmongering blossom with an opportunity to intervene. The Second Mexican War, however, wasn't in favor of the U.S., and with the war's loss, the Constitutional Union Party finally fell out of favor with the American public. Riots erupted in much of the country, and the CU's leadership was forced to make note of this with the end of their hegemonic rule in the 1890s, hastened by the economic Depression. In 1892, for the first time since 1868, the Constitutional Union Party was put out of power in favor of the People's Party, a left-wing populist movement.
The party remained for the remnant of the 19th Century, however, but quickly became lauded as a sort of cabal of anti-American industrialists (at least in People's Party campaign literature) and bigots. Many members of the Party would join the People's Party (at least, the economic protectionists would), while others would coalesce to form a completely new political party, the National Republican Party (the social conservatives and industrialists). Those who remained were eventually voted out at all levels in the 1890s and at the party's 1900 convention, the Constitutional Unionists voted to dissolve the party and endorse the National Republican's candidate for President.