Alternate German submarine developments.

thaddeus

Donor
I'd like to look at training and mass production.
In order to ramp up in peacetime you need a large number of small (Baltic) training subs.
To fit within the naval treaties. To keep costs down. To create demand for a mass of units. To train the cadre for many boats.

Type II (259t) made in a modular assembly hall or three. Option to add an snorkel later in secret. The Type II can be sold as a Baltic sub that threatens the USSR.

So three locations building a dozen each in 1935 and 1936 isn't impossible. Given development of modular assembly you could expect training of new crews in over a hundred boats by the time a long range war fighting model is started into mass production.

you would think...

a small flotilla as described would be a priority ... to ACTUALLY fight the USSR?

and transportable overland (most likely in sections), there was 100t sub for Finland based on German designs https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_submarine_Saukko
 

perfectgeneral

Donor
Monthly Donor
you would think...

a small flotilla as described would be a priority ... to ACTUALLY fight the USSR?

and transportable overland (most likely in sections), there was 100t sub for Finland based on German designs https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_submarine_Saukko
Too small and not fast enough underwater. Follow on development from the six type IIa should be more streamlined with greater underwater speed (double figures) and recharging while at periscope depth via snorkel. Assembled from six parts (one time only) transportable by train.
 

thaddeus

Donor
you would think...

a small flotilla as described would be a priority ... to ACTUALLY fight the USSR?

and transportable overland (most likely in sections), there was 100t sub for Finland based on German designs https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_submarine_Saukko

Too small and not fast enough underwater. Follow on development from the six type IIa should be more streamlined with greater underwater speed (double figures) and recharging while at periscope depth via snorkel. Assembled from six parts (one time only) transportable by train.

cited the Saukko as example that a submarine transported overland was not an unknown concept to the KM long before the war, NOT as a design worth mass producing, sorry if that was confusing.
 

thaddeus

Donor
Was the Type 23 in any ways successful or could it have been successful

historically they should have produced it prior to Type XXI, as they produced the Type II prior to introducing Type VII, posted a thread about that https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/threads/start-small-type-xxiii-elektroboot.433603/

my scenario would be at least some of the changes posted in this thread made to Type VII over its production cycle, with a Type XXIII introduced as first true Elektroboot.

(a more specific answer to your post, have not seen negative reports on Type XXIII other than limited torpedo capacity, maybe its much smaller size lent itself to construction in sections or maybe flaws were easier to correct during assembly?)
 
The conning tower and navigation bridge that comes with it is not two inches. More like the side of a barn.

And? It takes a bit longer, but the result is the same. Dead U-boat arm.

Correction: why the ASW torpedo and sonobuoy was developed during the war. Anticipated and upgrade paths ===> postwar RTL results.

The result is the U-Boat escapes to fight another day . What that means is more MV sunk and slower supply flow and slower western front.

ASW & SONOBUOYS were post war weapons.
 

Ian_W

Banned
I'd like to look at training and mass production.
In order to ramp up in peacetime you need a large number of small (Baltic) training subs.
To fit within the naval treaties. To keep costs down. To create demand for a mass of units. To train the cadre for many boats.

So three locations building a dozen each in 1935 and 1936 isn't impossible. Given development of modular assembly you could expect training of new crews in over a hundred boats by the time a long range war fighting model is started into mass production.

And none of this will ever make the RN nervous.
 
The conning tower and navigation bridge that comes with it is not two inches. More like the side of a barn.
And, yet again, they are not on the surface. So I don't give a tinker's damn how easy it is to spot something completely submerged, because doing it through water is effectively impossible.
Detectable by 1942 radar at a range of ~ 8,000 meters.
And what kind of moron exposes 4' of periscope, ever? And leaves it up for long enough an escort gets a fix? And, even given detection, what makes you think the U-boat remains on that spot? (That's not just stupid, that's suicidal.:rolleyes:) If there's more than a foot of periscope exposed for more than about 10 sec (& that's a long damn exposure!), I'd say he deserves to be sunk.
any faster and the periscope shaft bends, jamming it in the UP position
What kind of moron runs at any speed with the periscope up?:confounded: Christ, the feather it would throw off is begging for a half-blind nitwit in an escort to shoot at it.:rolleyes:
Also you have to slow down to almost hover to fire rockets or launch torpedoes in a WW II boat.
So slow down after you've taken sightings, duh...

And, yet again, you seem to think the boat is visible through 20' of water: 'scope shears are not awash at periscope depth, sorry to say.
You mean the flame diverters and exhaust baffles bubbling away like mad as the launcher is raised from its shelter? Of course it is flow noise. It is popcorn in the headphones.
So it's not the grinding of the launch mechanism that provides the transient? Which is it, then?

Which raises 2 questions: how fast can the launcher be elevated? And if the goal is to shoot an escort, can the launcher put 5 rounds into the waterline at 500m?
Can't launch at 6 knots. More like < 2 knots (rockets are fragile things), and THAT takes time to slow down and speed up.
Even at 2kt, you're chasing a moving target. And if the goal is to shoot an escort, even 2kt is enough to put broadside on.
Escort is faster and it doesn't have to guess.
So how, exactly, does the escort know exactly where the boat moves to after the transient? Without gaining sonar contact first? (It does take time to gain contact, after all.) While the escort is searching, I'd be maneuvering to get broadside on & shoot him. My money's on the U-boat, with initiative, getting the shot first.
Of course I know that story, but the USS Growler I was discussing is a GRAYBACK I know about. a sub that can launch a Regulus missile. She is is SSG 577 and she was never bombed or strafed.
You were talking about attacks by Japan. Since no Regulus-armed boat was even a gleam in Rickover's eye in WW2, I could hardly have known you were thinking of one, could I?
Incidentally that ramming is exactly the kind of result I would expect from a lunatic rocket attack on a convoy escort.
Just how deep do you think the draft of a corvette is?:confounded::confounded: Since you appear not to understand the meaning of "periscope depth".

Also, I'm unaware Growler was lost to ramming, since Blair makes no mention of the cause being certain. This, based on DANFS, suggests sunk by escort, but not how.
I do make mistakes and own them.
:rolleyes:
Could they? Ever hear of the hammer and anvil? And why was CUTIE successful against Japanese destroyers?
As I recall, Cutie couldn't exceed the top speed of a Type XXI. And I'd wager a DD can't turn fast enough to avoid.

Not to mention the likelihood of U-boats deploying CM.
It is not the speed of the launch platform, it is the speed and reach of the weapon. Why assume that the Wallies will not learn afresh: bracketing, sonar lashing, drive down and persistence? Adapt to the faster escape speeds and keep after them.
What part of "not enough escorts" was unclear?:rolleyes:
And besides with rockets the dumb sub has signed its death warrant with a bullseye and a sitting duck posture anyway.
What part of "not sitting still at any point in this" was (is!) unclear?:rolleyes:
Here is the hint; how fast can the Type XXI U-boat accelerate and dive from 2 knots and 40' to keel after rocket launch to its final op-depth and speed versus how fast the depth charges and torpedoes arrive? About 2 minutes. That ='s dead boat in 1943.
And just how close do you expect to launch those torpedoes from? 1500yd? 3000? More? So you really want a stern chase against a target that's as fast as the torpedo, & give it a big head start, with a torpedo that has limited endurance? So the U-boat only has to stay ahead of it a matter of minutes for it to run out of fuel... Yep, that's lethal.

Hedgehog you really do need to localize the target, first, within about 200m, so that takes time, & it's not like the boat's just sitting there waiting for you to find it, under that transient, or the smoke trail. (Unless the skipper's a halfwit:rolleyes:)

Depth charges... Same as Hedgehog, only moreso.:rolleyes:
I-400, about 6000 tonnes submerged.
Yes, bigger, which is what I said.:rolleyes:
Here is your problem. The best way to load cargo on a sub is containerize it. No cargo hatches. Put the stuff in pressure resistant cans and mount it externally.
You'll notice, that was my preferred option. (I have some concern about flooding & sail effect, but...) The length & beam of the carrier boat are obvious limits to the size of container pod. Ideally, some variety of quick-release would be fitted, too.
 

McPherson

Banned
The result is the U-Boat escapes to fight another day . What that means is more MV sunk and slower supply flow and slower western front.

ASW & SONOBUOYS were post war weapons.

Actually the development is traced to US Coast and Geodetic Survey experiments that began in 1923. The US engineers involved began with an attempt to fix survey ship's positions by echo or acoustic location using submerged explosive charges that were detonated at the ship's location and received by submerged hydrophones (origin of SOSUS) and yielded range by time calculated from detonation to reception of the signal, It was but a brief skip from explosion to pinger buoy. And that is 1931. The first pinger buoys were deployed ~1935 as experiments and were highly successful. The suckers were heavy and huge (about 300 kgs) and included not only the pingers, but also hydrophones that could receive the echoes with timing gear that could yield range data and transmit it by radio to a receiver station (like an airplane or ship.). These were automated stations of high sophistication. These were finally ship deployed and standard survey equipment for the United States in 1937.

From these buoys the British first use of air dropped versions against subs (HT or High Tea) happens in 1942 from specialized modified Sunderlands. This contraption supplied to them was the size of a bomb and was handicapped by primitive battery technology and inept British use.

It takes a while, but by 1945 the idea of a sonar fence and the Able Baker that goes with it is well established.
 
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McPherson

Banned
And, yet again, they are not on the surface. So I don't give a tinker's damn how easy it is to spot something completely submerged, because doing it through water is effectively impossible.

Rocket breaks surface, ignites, and is instantly declaring "My launcher is under me. Right here. Slow, shallow, extremely vulnerable. Shoot it right here and right now."

"And what kind of moron exposes 4' of periscope, ever? And leaves it up for long enough an escort gets a fix? And, even given detection, what makes you think the U-boat remains on that spot? (That's not just stupid, that's suicidal.:rolleyes:) If there's more than a foot of periscope exposed for more than about 10 sec (& that's a long damn exposure!), I'd say he deserves to be sunk."

About `200 U-boats. By the way...


36 rockets 10 seconds = dead U-boat.

What kind of moron runs at any speed with the periscope up?:confounded: Christ, the feather it would throw off is begging for a half-blind nitwit in an escort to shoot at it.:rolleyes:

Apparently ~100 U-boats.

So slow down after you've taken sightings, duh...

I foresee a Hobbes outcome. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

And, yet again, you seem to think the boat is visible through 20' of water: 'scope shears are not awash at periscope depth, sorry to say.

Noisy and violent action? Might as well surface and gun it out. These are ROCKETS. ^^^^^^^^^^^

So it's not the grinding of the launch mechanism that provides the transient? Which is it, then?

There are the mechanicals with the launcher, true, but the launcher, itself, as I've seen it intended, is full of holes and protrusions and these cause cavitation and popping. Probably why Doenitz thought it was a dumb idea.

Which raises 2 questions: how fast can the launcher be elevated? And if the goal is to shoot an escort, can the launcher put 5 rounds into the waterline at 500m?

About 13 to 15 seconds and no. The 5 inch shell has already hit the sub.

Even at 2kt, you're chasing a moving target. And if the goal is to shoot an escort, even 2kt is enough to put broadside on.

Is that a serious contention? At 500 meters, the typical escort will turn and ram/overrun in 45-50 seconds or less while unloading a full pattern. He can survive that. The U-boat won't.

So how, exactly, does the escort know exactly where the boat moves to after the transient? Without gaining sonar contact first? (It does take time to gain contact, after all.) While the escort is searching, I'd be maneuvering to get broadside on & shoot him. My money's on the U-boat, with initiative, getting the shot first.

Oh the U-boat, gets the first shot. But it dies while the escort puts out fires, assesses topside damage, and tends to wounded.

You were talking about attacks by Japan. Since no Regulus-armed boat was even a gleam in Rickover's eye in WW2, I could hardly have known you were thinking of one, could I?

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ I was discussing missile or rocket firing subs comparable to the lunacy the Germans contemplated. I even mention that Growler was not considered viable in the presence of Russian LRMPs. What did you think I meant?

Just how deep do you think the draft of a corvette is?:confounded::confounded: Since you appear not to understand the meaning of "periscope depth".

Depends on the corvette. And ^^^^^^^^^ what makes you think she would not roll a pattern as she overruns? THAT is kind of what the Flowers did, you know?

About 150+ dead U-boats that way.

Also, I'm unaware Growler was lost to ramming, since Blair makes no mention of the cause being certain. This, based on DANFS, suggests sunk by escort, but not how.

JANAC and THIS.

I mentioned that Growler could have had a circular run incident.

:rolleyes:

As I recall, Cutie couldn't exceed the top speed of a Type XXI. And I'd wager a DD can't turn fast enough to avoid.

Not to mention the likelihood of U-boats deploying CM.

1. Hammer: drop a torpedo astern of the U-boat. ANVIL; drop another torpedo ahead of the U-boat. Whichever way the U-boat turns the fish chasing or the fish ahead has the inside of the turn distance to run to meet. It does not have to be fast. It just has to get there to meet.

2. Countermeasures ineffective. The US tested for it and determined that prop noise would get through a noisemaker or a bubble curtain or a bubble wall. The torpedoes homed in on prop noise.

What part of "not enough escorts" was unclear?:rolleyes:

What part of RTL "arsenal of democracy" (4000 freighters built) did I miss?

What part of "not sitting still at any point in this" was (is!) unclear?:rolleyes:

U-boat range 8000 meters at 1 m/s horizontal and vertical at launch depth 15 meters to keel. RBU (or MOUSETRAP) type rocket mortar bomb flight time 38 seconds. LETHAL 40 meter radius circle pattern. BOOM. The U-boat missed escape by 2 seconds. OOPS those mortar bombs are also walked in if its over or short. Notice that is the worst case scenario?

And just how close do you expect to launch those torpedoes from? 1500yd? 3000? More? So you really want a stern chase against a target that's as fast as the torpedo, & give it a big head start, with a torpedo that has limited endurance? So the U-boat only has to stay ahead of it a matter of minutes for it to run out of fuel... Yep, that's lethal.

See above ^^^^^^^^^^^^^.

Hedgehog you really do need to localize the target, first, within about 200m, so that takes time, & it's not like the boat's just sitting there waiting for you to find it, under that transient, or the smoke trail. (Unless the skipper's a halfwit:rolleyes:)

Rocket flash + time of flight vs. U-boat's forward progress. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^.

Depth charges... Same as Hedgehog, only moreso.:rolleyes:

Covered this ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^.

Yes, bigger, which is what I said.:rolleyes:

Not the point. US could build them as big as she wanted. So could France. 6000 tonne boat is not impossible for either nation. They knew how.

You'll notice, that was my preferred option. (I have some concern about flooding & sail effect, but...) The length & beam of the carrier boat are obvious limits to the size of container pod. Ideally, some variety of quick-release would be fitted, too.

My concern is about submerged handling. That I-400 must have been fun in a turn. I can see it rolling and crashing through op depth even in a mild turn. Don't need to even be close to force it into a maneuver mistake. Scare it into killing itself.
 
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perfectgeneral

Donor
Monthly Donor
And none of this will ever make the RN nervous.
Nervous, yes. Worried, no. Any increase in escort and destroyer builds will not have the operational capability, in sufficient time, to prevent a decisive blockade of the British Isles.
 

Ian_W

Banned
Nervous, yes. Worried, no. Any increase in escort and destroyer builds will not have the operational capability, in sufficient time, to prevent a decisive blockade of the British Isles.

Uhuh. And the Royal Navy has never, ever, ever taken any action whatsoever when it detects a naval threat to the British Isles.

There is a level of paint drinking stupidity that Wehraboos keep assuming that the RN, despite all evidence, has.
 
Actually the development is traced to US Coast and Geodetic Survey experiments that began in 1923. The US engineers involved began with an attempt to fix survey ship's positions by echo or acoustic location using submerged explosive charges that were detonated at the ship's location and received by submerged hydrophones (origin of SOSUS) and yielded range by time calculated from detonation to reception of the signal, It was but a brief skip from explosion to pinger buoy. And that is 1931. The first pinger buoys were deployed ~1935 as experiments and were highly successful. The suckers were heavy and huge (about 300 kgs) and included not only the pingers, but also hydrophones that could receive the echoes with timing gear that could yield range data and transmit it by radio to a receiver station (like an airplane or ship.). These were automated stations of high sophistication. These were finally ship deployed and standard survey equipment for the United States in 1937.

From these buoys the British first use of air dropped versions against subs (HT or High Tea) happens in 1942 from specialized modified Sunderlands. This contraption supplied to them was the size of a bomb and was handicapped by primitive battery technology and inept British use.

It takes a while, but by 1945 the idea of a sonar fence and the Able Baker that goes with it is well established.


Yes and Germans experimented with paraffin powered AIP U-Boats in 1913 , but had to put that aside to fight WW-I. Likewise America would put such technology aside until they needed. Neither case means there small numbers introduced at the end of the war would actually have made a difference.
 

McPherson

Banned
McPherson said:

Actually the development is traced to US Coast and Geodetic Survey experiments that began in 1923. The US engineers involved began with an attempt to fix survey ship's positions by echo or acoustic location using submerged explosive charges that were detonated at the ship's location and received by submerged hydrophones (origin of SOSUS) and yielded range by time calculated from detonation to reception of the signal, It was but a brief skip from explosion to pinger buoy. And that is 1931. The first pinger buoys were deployed ~1935 as experiments and were highly successful. The suckers were heavy and huge (about 300 kgs) and included not only the pingers, but also hydrophones that could receive the echoes with timing gear that could yield range data and transmit it by radio to a receiver station (like an airplane or ship.). These were automated stations of high sophistication. These were finally ship deployed and standard survey equipment for the United States in 1937.

From these buoys the British first use of air dropped versions against subs (HT or High Tea) happens in 1942 from specialized modified Sunderlands. This contraption supplied to them was the size of a bomb and was handicapped by primitive battery technology and inept British use.

It takes a while, but by 1945 the idea of a sonar fence and the Able Baker that goes with it is well established.


Yes and Germans experimented with paraffin powered AIP U-Boats in 1913 , but had to put that aside to fight WW-I. Likewise America would put such technology aside until they needed. Neither case means there small numbers introduced at the end of the war would actually have made a difference.

!942 was not the end of the war.
 
19" (48.3 cm) Mark 24
Ship Class Used On Aircraft
Date Of Design 1941
Date In Service 1943
Weight 680 lbs. (308 kg)
Overall Length 7 ft 0 in (2.134 m)
Explosive Charge 92 lbs. (42 kg) TPX or HBX
Range / Speed 4,000 yards (3,660 m) / 12 knots
Power Electric Battery
Guidance Passive Acoustic Homing
A very small anti-submarine homing torpedo. Also known as the Mark 24 Mine and as "Fido." Homing was by four crystal hydrophones arranged around the body with simple guidance system that steered towards the loudest noise. Launch parameters were 125 knots from 250 feet (76 m).

The following is from "US Navy Torpedoes" by Frederick J. Milford:

"340 [Fido] torpedoes [were] dropped in 264 attacks of which 204 were against submarines. In 142 attacks US aircraft sank 31 submarines and damaged 15; in 62 attacks against submarines other Allies, mainly British, sank six and damaged three. Most of these submarine sinkings were German U-boats in the Atlantic, but five Japanese submarines were sunk by Fidos, one, I-52, in the Atlantic and four in the Pacific. OEG Study No. 289, 12 August 1946, is the main source for this conclusion."
Fido was first used successfully by a British B-24 Liberator defending Convoy HX 237 on 12 May 1943, sinking U-456. This was followed by a USN PBY-5A from VP 84 which sank U-640 on 14 May 1943.

Fido would have been too slow to attack the Type XXI U-boats and could be avoided by going very deep.

1943 not 1942 and was not effective vs fast deep diving subs , much like what I was proposing. only 12 knots!!!!

37 out of 204 is 18% , which is not as good as Squid [28%]

http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WTUS_WWII.php#19"_(48.3_cm)_Mark_24

Speed could be increased to deal with faster subs- BUT that would cost in range and reduced hit chance , so would require post war development to be made to work----- so not a factor.
 
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McPherson

Banned
1943 not 1942 and was not effective vs fast deep diving subs , much like what I was proposing. only 12 knots!!!!

37 out of 204 is 18% , which is not as good as Squid [28%]

http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WTUS_WWII.php#19"_(48.3_cm)_Mark_24

Speed could be increased to deal with faster subs- BUT that would cost in range and reduced hit chance , so would require post war development to be made to work----- so not a factor.



Not on point. The discussion was about High Tea, but the goal posts are now FIDO.

Interesting; let's do some math.

147 attacks 31 sunk + 15 damaged =46 total loss of mission = 31% effective in US attacks. BETTER than Squid.

Let's now look at Fido's immediate successors.


19" (48.3 cm) Mark 32
Ship Class Used On Surface Ships
Date Of Design 1942
Date In Service 1944
Weight 700 lbs. (318 kg)
Overall Length 6 ft 11 in (2.108 m)
Explosive Charge 107 lbs. (49 kg) HBX
Range / Speed 9,600 yards (8,800 m) / 12 knots
Power Electric-Battery
Guidance Active acoustic
A very small anti-submarine homing torpedo. Also known as the Mark 32 Mine. Intended to be dropped over the side by surface ships. Only ten Mod 1 torpedoes were completed by Leeds and Northrop before work was halted in 1945. An additional 320 Mod 2 torpedoes were manufactured by General Electric in the early 1950s. In service until 1955 when it was replaced by the Mark 43.

and

21" (53.3 cm) Mark 34
Ship Class Used On Aircraft
Date Of Design 1944
Date In Service 1948
Weight 1,150 lbs. (522 kg)
Overall Length 10 ft 5 in (3.175 m)
Explosive Charge Mod 0: 116 lbs. (53 kg) HBX
Mod 1: 170 lbs. (77 kg) HBX
Range / Speed
(see text)

3,600 yards (3,300 m) / 17 knots
12,000 yards (11,000 m) / 11 knots
Power Electric-Battery
Guidance Passive acoustic
Initially known as the Mark 44 mine. An improved Mark 24 with magnetostrictive hydrophones. In service from 1948 to 1958 with approximately 4,050 produced. Had two batteries that were connected in parallel for searching at 11 knots and then connected in series for sprinting at 17 knots when attacking.

The Type 21 sub was anticipated.
 
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1943 not 1942 and was not effective vs fast deep diving subs , much like what I was proposing. only 12 knots!!!!

37 out of 204 is 18% , which is not as good as Squid [28%]

http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WTUS_WWII.php#19"_(48.3_cm)_Mark_24

Speed could be increased to deal with faster subs- BUT that would cost in range and reduced hit chance , so would require post war development to be made to work----- so not a factor.
However, Squid was a very, very poor fit on most allied aircraft during WW2, IIRC...
 

hipper

Banned
Nervous, yes. Worried, no. Any increase in escort and destroyer builds will not have the operational capability, in sufficient time, to prevent a decisive blockade of the British Isles.

Hitler thought that building large numbers of U boats in the in 1935 equals French troops with British support in the Ruhr in 1936, and he was an insane risk taker.

regards

Hipper
 

perfectgeneral

Donor
Monthly Donor
Hitler thought that building large numbers of U boats in the in 1935 equals French troops with British support in the Ruhr in 1936, and he was an insane risk taker.

regards

Hipper
Yet a sane risk taker would arm to defend themselves within treaty limitation. Britain and France could not afford to occupy the Ruhr all the time. This is why it was left demilitarized rather than occupied before. You don't want to build up your defence industries there anyway. Too close to East Anglia, let alone France.
 
However, Squid was a very, very poor fit on most allied aircraft during WW2, IIRC...
So was Fido...most air attacks Vs subs was with 'sticks' of bombs and only useful against surfaced and the 40 seconds of diving....otherwise useless.

On the other hand an attacking ASW vessel could use Fido in conjunction with sonar to attack all subs ....provided the subs were only managing 3-7 knots. Using that as a guide line to catch 12 knot sub you need torpedo of 19-20 knots DASH speed.


type 21 might have been anticipated but don't expect any operational mk 34 before end of decade in peace time or the end of the war in real time.

Not on point. The discussion was about High Tea, but the goal posts are now FIDO.

no idea what that means?
 
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