Laboratories of Democracy, Part X: Virginia
Sic Semper Havrevälling
Virginia is the oldest English-speaking settlement in North America. When the Puritans landed on Plymouth Rock, Jamestown was already an established town with numerous settlers and a local economy. Virginia was generally less radical in sentiment than the colonies to its north, supporting the Crown in the English Civil War and relying extensively on slavery and indentured servitude to power its agrarian economy. Nonetheless it enthusiastically participated in the American Revolution, and indeed many of its leaders were natives of the "Old Dominion", including the drafter of the Declaration of Independence and four of the five first Presidents of the new nation. It continued to stand up for its particular social system in the years to follow through the articulation of the ideal of "Jeffersonian Democracy", a system where every free man would own land and participate in civil society on the basis of equality - while this system never existed in pure form, it nonetheless provided a strong ideal to guide the American republic and in particular its westward expansion. The state was divided by the Civil War, with the state government seceding from the Union to join the Confederacy, but many of its sons fighting on both sides and a whole chunk of the Appalachian region of the state breaking off to form its own state of West Virginia.
The 20th century was a quiet one for the state, as it grew from a mostly agrarian post-Confederate economy to one very much dominated by the vagaries of the federal government, both in the Washington suburbs that now dominate the state's northern part and the naval bases that guard the approach to the nation's capital at Hampton Roads. The inland parts of the state, however, remain distinctly Southern in outlook, with both plantation agriculture and Appalachian smallholds and coal mines proliferating.
Virginia is on the crossroads between North and South, and this is reflected in the state's politics, which is largely three-cornered. The
Democrats, traditionally the governing party, draw great strength from the rural parts of the state and the white population of several of its cities (notably Virginia Beach), while most of the federal government employees turn to the
GOP, which has grown stronger in the state as the government has grown and more and more of its employees have taken residence in Virginia's suburbs. Then there's
Labor, which remains the party of ethnic minorities in Virginia, a state largely devoid of the Soldiers of Christ. The Virginia Labor Party is traditionally dominated by a shaky alliance between urban blacks and Appalachian coal miners, which is beginning to unravel as the latter group loses numerical strength, and it remains to be seen whether the party can remain. The
Greens and the
Liberty Party both hold seats in the House of Delegates, but both are largely peripheral to the state's politics and lack much in the way of influence.
Virginia's House of Delegates is the successor of the House of Burgesses, the oldest legislature in the Americas, and currently functions as a unicameral body of 100 seats. Of these, 31 are elected from Virginia's independent cities while the other 69 are elected from the non-city areas (technically defined in law as "rural", though this term is getting increasingly meaningless with the growth of NOVA, which is largely unincorporated, and suburban Richmond). Virginia is unique in the Union in having this official split between urban and rural areas, and notable also for its holding of state elections in odd-numbered years, with the legislature up for election every two years and the Governor and Executive Council every four years.
Democratic: 37
Republican: 31
Labor: 25
Liberty: 4
Green: 3
Texas
Washington
Massachussetts
New Hampshire
Georgia
Louisiana
Minnesota
South Carolina
Nebraska