China and Manchuria, as in OTL. But to a greater degree. Suppose the Shun Dynasty had triumphed, they could conquer Manchuria and effectively colonise the place with millions of Chinese. Note that this would include the lands China lost to Russia, also incidentally meaning that Russia would have a hell of time conquering the place (outside of individual ports like *Vladivostok) in the case the Shun suffer the same decline as the Qing.
By that logic, wank Vietnam and have them colonise Cambodia and convert it into an integral part of Vietnam as they did with the former Champa parts of Vietnam. OTL Cambodia was deathly afraid of this happening.
Also in Manchuria, the Koreans could push north. This might require some clever diplomacy, Chinese weakness, and brute military strength to be able to assert control over that land. Much less likely than China, I think.
Maybe also Persia colonising Central Asia and even Siberia, but this requires a strong series of rulers to hold Central Asia, which begs the question why they wouldn't just go after India if they have that much military strength.
South Africans could push upwards to annex as much of sub-saharan Africa for white settlement. Maybe have the Spanish and French take all the new world and all the English/German/Dutch/Nordic immigrants go to South America. Maybe the United Afrikan States forms.
Yeah, maybe a Portuguese South Africa has an equivalent to the bandeirantes of Brazil, and it becomes a push to get to the Congo River, all the while looting and enslaving everything in their way. Would make a very interesting divide between north (more indigenous African, almost certainly poorer, mainly speaking local languages) and south (more European, wealthier, mainly speaking Portuguese) in South Africa, akin to Brazil but possibly even more distinct.
Brazil? They advanced pretty far westward. Maybe a push to the Pacific?
Even if they keep following the Amazon, that's in the heart of Spanish territory in the New World, unlike the parts of South America given to Portugal OTL. The Andes are an utterly formidable obstacle, and they were also the center of Spain's empire. Seems insurmountable, even in 19th century South America.