Please allow me to introduce myself ........
This is my first post on this forum. I started Whiffing ten years ago as a logical explanation to my Airplane profiling (there are lots available in other forums) but I found out that writing stories was inspiring as well.
At the moment I have 3 subject completed and here I start with the first one a different look at the 60s (actually startting from 1955), I hope you will enjoy it.
Generally my alternative histories starts from true events and then some key events change the course of history. The narrative format is Timeline
Regards
Preface
In 1954 the battle of Bien Dien Phu saw the end of the conflicts of WWII (started in Spain in 1936).
The world has seen the rising of three major powers: USA, USSR and China, while the former colonial Powers: France and United Kingdom have lost some of their influence , Germany has been able to keep his role in Europe due to the Leadership of President Rommel and since then has been the major stronghold against Communist attacks in Western Europe.
The major areas of crisis are in South East Asia with conflict in Malaya while in Korea, Indonesia and Viet Nam the situation is still critical. Middle East also is an area of interest with Nasser being the leader of a pan-Arabian vision.
In 1955 Eisenhower is the U.S. President, Krushev is the leader in U.S.S.R., while Rommel is in charge of Germany with the first election scheduled for 1955, also Churchill, another WWII hero, is going to leave the power to Anthony Eden. In France there is a high turnaround of Prime Minister that is creating instability. Mao is the strong leader of Communist’s China.
1955
January
January, 1955: Vietnam War- French advisors begin training the first Lao aviation force. Thailand would supply Sikorsky H-19 helicopters and volunteer pilots to the Lao military. The Thais also train thirty Lao officers in weapons use at Hua Hin, Thailand.
January 2, 1955: Americas- Central America- José Antonio Remón Cantera, president of Panama, is assassinated at a race track in Panama City. The day after José Ramón Guizado becomes president of Panama.
January 18-20, 1955: Far East- China- Battle of Yijiangshan Islands: The Chinese Communist People's Liberation Army seizes the islands from the Republic of China (Taiwan).
January 22, 1955: Cold War- The Pentagon announces a plan to develop ICBMs (InterContinental Ballistic Missiles) armed with nuclear weapons.
January 25, 1955: Cold War- Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union announces the end of the war between the USSR and Germany, which began during World War II in 1941.
January 28, 1955: Far East- China- United States Congress authorizes President Dwight D. Eisenhower to use force to protect Formosa from the People's Republic of China.
February
February 10, 1955: Far East- China- Seventh Fleet of the United States Navy helps the Republic of China evacuate Chinese Nationalist army and residents from the Tachen Islands to Taiwan.
February 12, 1955: Vietnam War- U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends the first U.S. advisors to South Vietnam that helps establish the Air Force.
February 18, 1955: Far East- China- Clashes between ROCAF Corsairs and PLAAF Lavochkin La15 ends with 2 losses for the Communists and 4 for the Nationalists.
February 18, 1955: Far East- China- Stalemate between Communists and Nationalists
February 19, 1955: Vietnam War - Southeast Asia Treaty Organization established (SEATO) with France, Australia, Philippine, New Zealand, Pakistan, United Kingdom, USA and Thailand.
March
March 2, 1955: Civil Rights- Claudette Colvin (a fifteen year old African American girl) refuses to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, to a white woman after the driver demands it. She is carried off the bus backwards whilst being kicked and handcuffed and harassed on the way to the police station.
March 20, 1955: News- Music & Movies- Evan Hunter's movie adaptation of the novel Blackboard Jungle premieres in the United States, featuring the famous single, Rock Around the Clock, by Bill Haley and His Comets. Teenagers jump from their seats to dance to the song.
April
April 1, 1955: Middle East-EOKA starts a revolution against English who occupied Cyprus (taken over from the Ottoman Empire in 1878 and a Crown Colony since 1925).
April 5, 1955: Cold War – After a series of light strokes, hidden to the public and Parliament, Winston Churchill resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
April 6, 1955: Cold War- Anthony Eden becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and called for General Elections.
April 11, 1955: Far East- China- The Taiwanese Kuomintang sabotage the ship Kashmir Princess, killing 16 but failing to assassinate the People's Republic of China leader, Zhou Enlai.
April 17, 1955: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Imre Nagy, the communist Premier of Hungary, is ousted for being too moderate, he is replaced by Matias Rakosi.
May
May 7, 1955: Cold War- For the first time democratic elections are held in West Germany and see the triumph of Crhistian Democrats led by Konrad Adenauer.
May 14, 1955: Cold War- Eight Communist Bloc countries, including the Soviet Union, sign a mutual defense treaty in Warsaw, Poland, that is called the Warsaw Pact.
May 15, 1955: Cold War- Austrian State Treaty, which restores Austria's national sovereignty, is concluded between the four occupying powers following World War II and Austria, setting it up as a neutral country.
May 21, 1955: Cold War- Erwin Rommel leaves the power in West Germany and Konrad Adenauer is the new Canchellor after the elections.
May 27, 1955: Cold War- UK General Election, Anthony Eden increases the Conservative majority from seventeen to sixty, a majority which broke a ninety-year record for any UK government.
June
June 2, 1955: Cold War- The Cosmodrome of Baikonur is inaugurated in the USSR.
June 11, 1955: News-Sports- Le Mans disaster: eighty-three people are killed and at least 100 are injured after two race cars collide in the 1955 24 Hours of Le Mans.
June 16, 1955: Americas-South America- In Buenos Aires, FAA Airplanes with “Cristo Vence” insignias are part of a Coup against Peron’s Government. In an attack at “Plaza de Mayo” there are 364 deaths and over a thousan wounded. In the following days Peron’s followers burn several Catholic Churches, without victims.
June 18, 1955: Americas-South America- Argentinan President Peron is excommunicated by the Pope.
July
July 7, 1955: Far East- Indonesian Konfrontasi- The New Zealand Special Air Service is formed.
July 27, 1955: Cold War- El Al Flight 402 from Vienna, Austria to Tel Aviv-Yafo via Istanbul is shot down over Bulgaria. All fiftyeight passengers and crewmen aboard the Lockheed Constellation airplane are killed.
July 27, 1955: Vietnam War- South Vietnamese Premier Ngo Dinh Diem announces in a broadcast that South Vietnam would not participate in the elections specified in the Geneva accords. As Saigon's delegation did not sign the Geneva accords, it was not bound by it.
August
August 20 1955: Africa- Algerian War- Hundreds of people are killed in anti-French rioting in Morocco and Algeria.
September
September 19, 1955: Americas-South America-The President of Argentina, Juan Peron, is ousted in a military coup “La Revolucion Libertadora”.
September 24, 1955: Cold War- Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States suffers a coronary thrombosis while on vacation in Denver, Colorado.
September 30, 1955: News- Music & Movies- Actor James Dean is killed when his automobile collides with another car at a highway junction near Cholame, California. Dean is just 24 years old.
October
October 26, 1955: Cold War- After the last Allied troops have left the country and following the provisions of the Austrian Independence Treaty, Austria declares its permanent neutrality.
October 27, 1955: Vietnam War- Ngo Dinh Diem proclaims Vietnam to be an independent republic with himself as its President.
October 29, 1955: Cold War- Soviet battleship Novorossiysk explodes at moorings in Sevastopol Bay, killing 608, the Soviet Union's worst naval disaster.
November
November 5, 1955: Civil Rights- Racial segregation is outlawed on trains and buses in Interstate Commerce in the United States.
November 26, 1955: Middle East- The British Governor proclaims a State of Emergency.
December
December, 1955: Vietnam War- In Laos U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower's solution was to establish the Program Evaluations Office (PEO), staffed by American civilians with prior military experience and headed up by retired Brigadier General Rothwell Brown. These civilians are given U.S. State Department status. However, they do not work strictly for the State Department. On military matters, they report to the Commander in Chief Pacific Command, with information supplied to the American ambassador; on non-military matters, they report directly to the ambassador.
December, 1955: Africa- Operation Anvil in Kenya ends. The operation effectively placed Nairobi under military siege, and the occupants are screened and the Mau Mau supporters moved to detention camps.
December 11, 1955: Civil Rights- In Montogomery, Alabama, 42 years old Rosa Parks refuses to give her seat to a white man. This event is considered as the start of the Civil Rights Movement
December 14, 1955: Cold War- Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Laos, Libya, Nepal, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and Sri Lanka join the United Nations simultaneously, after several years of moratorium on admitting new members that began during the Korean War.
1956
January
January, 1956: Vietnam War –The first Fighting Squadron of South Vietnamese Air Force starts operations equipped with thirtysix North American F51D Mustangs.
January 1, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan.
January 16, 1956: Middle East- Middle East- Suez Crisis- Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser vows to reconquer Palestine.
January 25-26, 1956:Cold War- Finnish troops reoccupy Porkkala after Soviet troops vacate its military base. Civilians can return
January 16, 1956: News- Sport- The 1956 Winter Olympic Games open in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy.
February
February 11, 1956: Cold War- British spies Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean resurface in the Soviet Union after being missing for five years.
February 22, 1956: News- Music & Movies – Elvis Presley enters the United States music charts for the first time, with Heartbreak Hotel.
February 25, 1956: Cold War- Nikita Khrushchev attacks the veneration of former Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin as a "cult of personality."
March
March 2, 1956: Africa- Algerian War- Morocco declares its independence from France.
March 9, 1956: Middle East- The British deport Archbishop Makarios from Cyprus to the Seychelles.
March 12, 1956: Cold War- Soviet Armed Forces suppresses mass demonstrations in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, reacting to Nikita Khrushchev's de-Stalinization policy.
March 13, 1956: Civil Rights - 96 U.S. Congressmen sign the Southern Manifesto, a protest against the 1954 Supreme Court ruling (Brown v. Board of Education) that desegregated public education.
April
April 19, 1956: Cold War- British diver and Secret Service Agent Lionel Crabb dives into Portsmouth harbour to investigate a visiting Soviet cruiser and vanishes.
March 20, 1956: Africa- Algerian War- Tunisia gains independence from France.
April
April 7, 1956: Africa- Algerian War- Spain relinquishes its protectorate in Morocco.
April 9, 1956: Africa- Algerian War- Habib Bourguiba is elected prime minister of Tunisia.
April 27, 1956: News- Sport– Heavyweight boxing champion Rocky Marciano retires without losing a professional boxing match.
May
May 1, 1957: Cold War- At the May 1st Parade for the first airplanes with the livery of each Soviet Republic appears, similar to the US National Guard.
May 8, 1956: Far East- Indonesian Konfrontasi- The constitutional union between Indonesia and the Netherlands is dissolved.
May 23, 1956: Africa- Algerian War- French minister Pierre Mendès France resigns due to his government's policy on Algeria.
May 24, 1957: Far East- China- Anti-American riots erupt in Taipei, Taiwan.
June
June, 1956: Vietnam War – In Laos the Lao Patriotic Front (Neo Lao Hak Sat), is formed as a Political Party. Its stated goal was to wage the communist struggle against capitalism and Western colonialism and imperialism.
June 28, 1956: Cold War- Labour riots in Poznań, Poland, are crushed with heavy loss of life. Soviet troops fire at a crowd that protests high prices, killing fiftythree.
June 29, 1956: News- Music & Movies- Actress Marilyn Monroe marries playwright Arthur Miller.
July
July, 1956: Africa- Election are held in Gold Coast and British Togoland in order to prepare for Independent.
July 7, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- In Hungary Soviet hardliner Rakosi is forced from power and ordered to Moscow, the moderate Enro Gero is appointed as successor.
July 19, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- US withdraw financial aid for Aswan Dam project. Official reason is Egypt's increased ties to USSR.
July 26, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- President Nasser announces plan to nationalize Suez Canal.
July 28, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Britain freezes Egyptian assets.
July 30, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- British Prime Minister Anthony Eden imposes an arms embargo on Egypt, and informs General Nasser that he cannot have the Suez Canal.
August
August 1, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Britain, France and US hold talks on escalating Suez crisis.
August 2, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Britain mobilizes armed forces for the Suez Crisis, a Royal proclamation announced the call up of all reservists and the retention of all troops due for discharge. All carriers at sea were recalled to port and Bulwark embarked her air group of three squadrons of Sea Hawks.
August 17, 1956: Cold War – West Germany bans the Communist Party of Germany.
August 21, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Egypt says it will negotiate on Suez ownership if Britain pulls out of the Middle East.
August 23, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- USSR announces it will send troops if Egypt is attacked.
August 26, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- General Nasser agrees to five nation conference on Suez Canal.
September
September 5, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Israel condemns Egypt over Suez crisis.
September 9, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Conference talks collapse when General Nasser refuses to allow international control of the Suez Canal.
September 14, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Egypt now in full control of the Suez Canal.
September 19-21, 1956: Americas-Politics- The President of Argentina, Juan Peron, is ousted in a military coup.
September 21, 1956: Americas-Cuban Crisis- Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza García is assassinated.
October
October 13, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Imre Nagy is reinstated in the Communist Party.
October 13, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Anglo-French proposal for the control of the Suez Canal is vetoed by the USSR during UN session.
October 13, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Students demonstration requests radical changes in the Communist Party Line.
October 2 1, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Hungary appeals for United Nation assistance against Soviet invasion. The Soviets choose Janos Kadar to form a counter-government
October 22, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Britain, France, and Israel secretly meet in and make plans to invade Egypt.
October 23, 1956: Hungarian Revolution- The Hungarian revolution breaks out against the pro-Soviet government. Hungary attempts to leave the Warsaw Pact.
October 24, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Red Army troops stationed in Hungary attempt to take control of Budapest under request from Gero.
October 24, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Major fighting’s around the Parliament Square in Budapest, Gero is replaced by Janos Kadar
October 24, 1956:Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Additional Soviet troops arrive in Budapest, fierce fighting’s continue
October 28, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- A cease fire is declared in Hungary.
October 28, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Negotiations starts between Soviet Union and Hungarian Government, in reality the USSR is just buying some time to reinforce their position after the initial fiasco.
October 29, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Israel invades the Sinai Peninsula and push Egyptian forces back toward the Suez Canal.
October 30, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Britain and France veto USSR demand for Israel-Egypt cease-fire
October 31, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- H.M.S. Eagle, Albion and Bulwark left Malta with the Helicopter Carriers H.M.S. Ocean and Theseus.
October 31, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- The United Kingdom and France begin bombing Egypt to force the reopening of the Suez Canal.
October 31, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower praised the promise by Moscow made the previous day of major concessions to Hungarians in revolt as "the dawning of a new day" in Eastern Europe.
November
November 1, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- An emergency special session of the UN is; the same day Nasser requests diplomatic assistance from the U.S., without requesting the same from the Soviet Union.
November 2, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- UN Assembly finally approves a cease-fire plan for Suez.
November 2, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- F4U-7 Corsairs from the 14.F and 15.F Aéronavale taking off from the French carriers Arromanches and La Fayette, attacked the Cairo aerodrome.
November 4, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- More Soviet troops invade Hungary to crush the revolt. Thousands are killed, more are wounded, and nearly a quarter million leave the country. Imre Nagy gets asylum in the Yugoslavian Embassy.
November 4-9, 1956: Cold War- The Hungarian Army put up sporadic and disorganized resistance, with Marshal Zhukov reporting the disarming of twelve divisions, two armored regiments, and the entire Hungarian Air Force. The Hungarian Army continued its most formidable resistance in various districts of Budapest and in and around the city of Pécs in the Mecsek Mountains, and in the industrial center of Dunaújváros.
November 5, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- British and French forces involved in airborne invasion of Egypt .The 3rd Battalion of the British Parachute Regiment dropped at El Gamil Airfield, clearing the area and establishing a secure base for incoming support aircraft and reinforcements.
November 6, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- British Commandos stormed the beaches, using landing craft of World War II landing crafts while French paratroopers jumped over the al-Raswa bridges from Noratlas Nord 2501
November 6, 1956: Vietnam War – United States presidential election, 1956: Republican incumbent Dwight D. Eisenhower defeats Democrat challenger Adlai E. Stevenson in a rematch of their contest four years earlier.
November 7, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- The United Nations General Assembly adopts a resolution calling for the United Kingdom, France, and Israel to withdraw their troops from Arab lands immediately.
November 7-30, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- In concert with U.S. actions Saudi Arabia started an oil embargo against Britain and France. The U.S. refused to fill the gap until Britain and France agreed to a rapid withdrawal. The other NATO members refused to sell oil they received from Arab nations to Britain or France
November 9, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Fighting ends in Hungary with Soviet Union and East German forces taking control of the country..
November 13, 1956: Civil Rights- The United States Supreme Court declares Alabama and Montgomery, Alabama laws requiring segregated buses illegal, thus ending the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
November 20, 1956: Cold War- In Yugoslavia, former prime minister Milovan Djilas is arrested after he criticizes Josip Broz Tito.
November 22, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- In spite of a written safe conduct of free passage by János Kádár, on 22 November, Nagy is arrested by the Soviet forces as he is leaving the Yugoslav Embassy, and taken to Snagov, Romania.
November 22, 1956: News- Sport- The 1956 Summer Olympics begin in Melbourne, Australia.
November 23, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- The Suez Crisis causes petrol rationing in Britain.
November 25, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Egypt begins to expel British, French, and Zionist residents.
November 28, 1956: News- Music & Movies – Roger Vadim's drama film And God Created Woman released in France (as Et Dieu… créa la femme) propels Brigitte Bardot into the public spotlight as a "sex kitten".
November 29, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Tripartite Invasion is officially ended under pressure from UN.
December, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Thousands of Hungarians flee the country and ask for exile to Austria.
December 2, 1956: Americas-Cuban Crisis- The Yacht Granma with Fidel Castro and other 81 revolutionaries arrived in Cuba.
December
December 5, 1956: Americas-Cuban Crisis- Only twenty of the men on the Granma have escaped from bloody fighting’s with Batista’s army and succeeded in fleeing in the Sierra Maestra Mountains. The group of survivors included Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Raúl Castro, and Camilo Cienfuegos.
December, 6 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- While making air patrol missions over the Austrian-Hungarian border a couple of Soviet MiG15s invade the Austrian airspace and are attacked by Austrian Me262 with former Luftwaffe WWII pilots on board.
December 20, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Israel refuses to return Gaza to Egypt.
December 24, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- British and French troops depart Egypt.
December 28, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Operation to clear sunken ship in Suez Canal starts.
This is my first post on this forum. I started Whiffing ten years ago as a logical explanation to my Airplane profiling (there are lots available in other forums) but I found out that writing stories was inspiring as well.
At the moment I have 3 subject completed and here I start with the first one a different look at the 60s (actually startting from 1955), I hope you will enjoy it.
Generally my alternative histories starts from true events and then some key events change the course of history. The narrative format is Timeline
Regards
Preface
In 1954 the battle of Bien Dien Phu saw the end of the conflicts of WWII (started in Spain in 1936).
The world has seen the rising of three major powers: USA, USSR and China, while the former colonial Powers: France and United Kingdom have lost some of their influence , Germany has been able to keep his role in Europe due to the Leadership of President Rommel and since then has been the major stronghold against Communist attacks in Western Europe.
The major areas of crisis are in South East Asia with conflict in Malaya while in Korea, Indonesia and Viet Nam the situation is still critical. Middle East also is an area of interest with Nasser being the leader of a pan-Arabian vision.
In 1955 Eisenhower is the U.S. President, Krushev is the leader in U.S.S.R., while Rommel is in charge of Germany with the first election scheduled for 1955, also Churchill, another WWII hero, is going to leave the power to Anthony Eden. In France there is a high turnaround of Prime Minister that is creating instability. Mao is the strong leader of Communist’s China.
1955
January
January, 1955: Vietnam War- French advisors begin training the first Lao aviation force. Thailand would supply Sikorsky H-19 helicopters and volunteer pilots to the Lao military. The Thais also train thirty Lao officers in weapons use at Hua Hin, Thailand.
January 2, 1955: Americas- Central America- José Antonio Remón Cantera, president of Panama, is assassinated at a race track in Panama City. The day after José Ramón Guizado becomes president of Panama.
January 18-20, 1955: Far East- China- Battle of Yijiangshan Islands: The Chinese Communist People's Liberation Army seizes the islands from the Republic of China (Taiwan).
January 22, 1955: Cold War- The Pentagon announces a plan to develop ICBMs (InterContinental Ballistic Missiles) armed with nuclear weapons.
January 25, 1955: Cold War- Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union announces the end of the war between the USSR and Germany, which began during World War II in 1941.
January 28, 1955: Far East- China- United States Congress authorizes President Dwight D. Eisenhower to use force to protect Formosa from the People's Republic of China.
February
February 10, 1955: Far East- China- Seventh Fleet of the United States Navy helps the Republic of China evacuate Chinese Nationalist army and residents from the Tachen Islands to Taiwan.
February 12, 1955: Vietnam War- U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends the first U.S. advisors to South Vietnam that helps establish the Air Force.
February 18, 1955: Far East- China- Clashes between ROCAF Corsairs and PLAAF Lavochkin La15 ends with 2 losses for the Communists and 4 for the Nationalists.
February 18, 1955: Far East- China- Stalemate between Communists and Nationalists
February 19, 1955: Vietnam War - Southeast Asia Treaty Organization established (SEATO) with France, Australia, Philippine, New Zealand, Pakistan, United Kingdom, USA and Thailand.
March
March 2, 1955: Civil Rights- Claudette Colvin (a fifteen year old African American girl) refuses to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, to a white woman after the driver demands it. She is carried off the bus backwards whilst being kicked and handcuffed and harassed on the way to the police station.
March 20, 1955: News- Music & Movies- Evan Hunter's movie adaptation of the novel Blackboard Jungle premieres in the United States, featuring the famous single, Rock Around the Clock, by Bill Haley and His Comets. Teenagers jump from their seats to dance to the song.
April
April 1, 1955: Middle East-EOKA starts a revolution against English who occupied Cyprus (taken over from the Ottoman Empire in 1878 and a Crown Colony since 1925).
April 5, 1955: Cold War – After a series of light strokes, hidden to the public and Parliament, Winston Churchill resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
April 6, 1955: Cold War- Anthony Eden becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and called for General Elections.
April 11, 1955: Far East- China- The Taiwanese Kuomintang sabotage the ship Kashmir Princess, killing 16 but failing to assassinate the People's Republic of China leader, Zhou Enlai.
April 17, 1955: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Imre Nagy, the communist Premier of Hungary, is ousted for being too moderate, he is replaced by Matias Rakosi.
May
May 7, 1955: Cold War- For the first time democratic elections are held in West Germany and see the triumph of Crhistian Democrats led by Konrad Adenauer.
May 14, 1955: Cold War- Eight Communist Bloc countries, including the Soviet Union, sign a mutual defense treaty in Warsaw, Poland, that is called the Warsaw Pact.
May 15, 1955: Cold War- Austrian State Treaty, which restores Austria's national sovereignty, is concluded between the four occupying powers following World War II and Austria, setting it up as a neutral country.
May 21, 1955: Cold War- Erwin Rommel leaves the power in West Germany and Konrad Adenauer is the new Canchellor after the elections.
May 27, 1955: Cold War- UK General Election, Anthony Eden increases the Conservative majority from seventeen to sixty, a majority which broke a ninety-year record for any UK government.
June
June 2, 1955: Cold War- The Cosmodrome of Baikonur is inaugurated in the USSR.
June 11, 1955: News-Sports- Le Mans disaster: eighty-three people are killed and at least 100 are injured after two race cars collide in the 1955 24 Hours of Le Mans.
June 16, 1955: Americas-South America- In Buenos Aires, FAA Airplanes with “Cristo Vence” insignias are part of a Coup against Peron’s Government. In an attack at “Plaza de Mayo” there are 364 deaths and over a thousan wounded. In the following days Peron’s followers burn several Catholic Churches, without victims.
June 18, 1955: Americas-South America- Argentinan President Peron is excommunicated by the Pope.
July
July 7, 1955: Far East- Indonesian Konfrontasi- The New Zealand Special Air Service is formed.
July 27, 1955: Cold War- El Al Flight 402 from Vienna, Austria to Tel Aviv-Yafo via Istanbul is shot down over Bulgaria. All fiftyeight passengers and crewmen aboard the Lockheed Constellation airplane are killed.
July 27, 1955: Vietnam War- South Vietnamese Premier Ngo Dinh Diem announces in a broadcast that South Vietnam would not participate in the elections specified in the Geneva accords. As Saigon's delegation did not sign the Geneva accords, it was not bound by it.
August
August 20 1955: Africa- Algerian War- Hundreds of people are killed in anti-French rioting in Morocco and Algeria.
September
September 19, 1955: Americas-South America-The President of Argentina, Juan Peron, is ousted in a military coup “La Revolucion Libertadora”.
September 24, 1955: Cold War- Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States suffers a coronary thrombosis while on vacation in Denver, Colorado.
September 30, 1955: News- Music & Movies- Actor James Dean is killed when his automobile collides with another car at a highway junction near Cholame, California. Dean is just 24 years old.
October
October 26, 1955: Cold War- After the last Allied troops have left the country and following the provisions of the Austrian Independence Treaty, Austria declares its permanent neutrality.
October 27, 1955: Vietnam War- Ngo Dinh Diem proclaims Vietnam to be an independent republic with himself as its President.
October 29, 1955: Cold War- Soviet battleship Novorossiysk explodes at moorings in Sevastopol Bay, killing 608, the Soviet Union's worst naval disaster.
November
November 5, 1955: Civil Rights- Racial segregation is outlawed on trains and buses in Interstate Commerce in the United States.
November 26, 1955: Middle East- The British Governor proclaims a State of Emergency.
December
December, 1955: Vietnam War- In Laos U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower's solution was to establish the Program Evaluations Office (PEO), staffed by American civilians with prior military experience and headed up by retired Brigadier General Rothwell Brown. These civilians are given U.S. State Department status. However, they do not work strictly for the State Department. On military matters, they report to the Commander in Chief Pacific Command, with information supplied to the American ambassador; on non-military matters, they report directly to the ambassador.
December, 1955: Africa- Operation Anvil in Kenya ends. The operation effectively placed Nairobi under military siege, and the occupants are screened and the Mau Mau supporters moved to detention camps.
December 11, 1955: Civil Rights- In Montogomery, Alabama, 42 years old Rosa Parks refuses to give her seat to a white man. This event is considered as the start of the Civil Rights Movement
December 14, 1955: Cold War- Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Laos, Libya, Nepal, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and Sri Lanka join the United Nations simultaneously, after several years of moratorium on admitting new members that began during the Korean War.
1956
January
January, 1956: Vietnam War –The first Fighting Squadron of South Vietnamese Air Force starts operations equipped with thirtysix North American F51D Mustangs.
January 1, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan.
January 16, 1956: Middle East- Middle East- Suez Crisis- Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser vows to reconquer Palestine.
January 25-26, 1956:Cold War- Finnish troops reoccupy Porkkala after Soviet troops vacate its military base. Civilians can return
January 16, 1956: News- Sport- The 1956 Winter Olympic Games open in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy.
February
February 11, 1956: Cold War- British spies Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean resurface in the Soviet Union after being missing for five years.
February 22, 1956: News- Music & Movies – Elvis Presley enters the United States music charts for the first time, with Heartbreak Hotel.
February 25, 1956: Cold War- Nikita Khrushchev attacks the veneration of former Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin as a "cult of personality."
March
March 2, 1956: Africa- Algerian War- Morocco declares its independence from France.
March 9, 1956: Middle East- The British deport Archbishop Makarios from Cyprus to the Seychelles.
March 12, 1956: Cold War- Soviet Armed Forces suppresses mass demonstrations in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, reacting to Nikita Khrushchev's de-Stalinization policy.
March 13, 1956: Civil Rights - 96 U.S. Congressmen sign the Southern Manifesto, a protest against the 1954 Supreme Court ruling (Brown v. Board of Education) that desegregated public education.
April
April 19, 1956: Cold War- British diver and Secret Service Agent Lionel Crabb dives into Portsmouth harbour to investigate a visiting Soviet cruiser and vanishes.
March 20, 1956: Africa- Algerian War- Tunisia gains independence from France.
April
April 7, 1956: Africa- Algerian War- Spain relinquishes its protectorate in Morocco.
April 9, 1956: Africa- Algerian War- Habib Bourguiba is elected prime minister of Tunisia.
April 27, 1956: News- Sport– Heavyweight boxing champion Rocky Marciano retires without losing a professional boxing match.
May
May 1, 1957: Cold War- At the May 1st Parade for the first airplanes with the livery of each Soviet Republic appears, similar to the US National Guard.
May 8, 1956: Far East- Indonesian Konfrontasi- The constitutional union between Indonesia and the Netherlands is dissolved.
May 23, 1956: Africa- Algerian War- French minister Pierre Mendès France resigns due to his government's policy on Algeria.
May 24, 1957: Far East- China- Anti-American riots erupt in Taipei, Taiwan.
June
June, 1956: Vietnam War – In Laos the Lao Patriotic Front (Neo Lao Hak Sat), is formed as a Political Party. Its stated goal was to wage the communist struggle against capitalism and Western colonialism and imperialism.
June 28, 1956: Cold War- Labour riots in Poznań, Poland, are crushed with heavy loss of life. Soviet troops fire at a crowd that protests high prices, killing fiftythree.
June 29, 1956: News- Music & Movies- Actress Marilyn Monroe marries playwright Arthur Miller.
July
July, 1956: Africa- Election are held in Gold Coast and British Togoland in order to prepare for Independent.
July 7, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- In Hungary Soviet hardliner Rakosi is forced from power and ordered to Moscow, the moderate Enro Gero is appointed as successor.
July 19, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- US withdraw financial aid for Aswan Dam project. Official reason is Egypt's increased ties to USSR.
July 26, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- President Nasser announces plan to nationalize Suez Canal.
July 28, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Britain freezes Egyptian assets.
July 30, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- British Prime Minister Anthony Eden imposes an arms embargo on Egypt, and informs General Nasser that he cannot have the Suez Canal.
August
August 1, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Britain, France and US hold talks on escalating Suez crisis.
August 2, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Britain mobilizes armed forces for the Suez Crisis, a Royal proclamation announced the call up of all reservists and the retention of all troops due for discharge. All carriers at sea were recalled to port and Bulwark embarked her air group of three squadrons of Sea Hawks.
August 17, 1956: Cold War – West Germany bans the Communist Party of Germany.
August 21, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Egypt says it will negotiate on Suez ownership if Britain pulls out of the Middle East.
August 23, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- USSR announces it will send troops if Egypt is attacked.
August 26, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- General Nasser agrees to five nation conference on Suez Canal.
September
September 5, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Israel condemns Egypt over Suez crisis.
September 9, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Conference talks collapse when General Nasser refuses to allow international control of the Suez Canal.
September 14, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Egypt now in full control of the Suez Canal.
September 19-21, 1956: Americas-Politics- The President of Argentina, Juan Peron, is ousted in a military coup.
September 21, 1956: Americas-Cuban Crisis- Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza García is assassinated.
October
October 13, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Imre Nagy is reinstated in the Communist Party.
October 13, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Anglo-French proposal for the control of the Suez Canal is vetoed by the USSR during UN session.
October 13, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Students demonstration requests radical changes in the Communist Party Line.
October 2 1, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Hungary appeals for United Nation assistance against Soviet invasion. The Soviets choose Janos Kadar to form a counter-government
October 22, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Britain, France, and Israel secretly meet in and make plans to invade Egypt.
October 23, 1956: Hungarian Revolution- The Hungarian revolution breaks out against the pro-Soviet government. Hungary attempts to leave the Warsaw Pact.
October 24, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Red Army troops stationed in Hungary attempt to take control of Budapest under request from Gero.
October 24, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Major fighting’s around the Parliament Square in Budapest, Gero is replaced by Janos Kadar
October 24, 1956:Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Additional Soviet troops arrive in Budapest, fierce fighting’s continue
October 28, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- A cease fire is declared in Hungary.
October 28, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Negotiations starts between Soviet Union and Hungarian Government, in reality the USSR is just buying some time to reinforce their position after the initial fiasco.
October 29, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Israel invades the Sinai Peninsula and push Egyptian forces back toward the Suez Canal.
October 30, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Britain and France veto USSR demand for Israel-Egypt cease-fire
October 31, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- H.M.S. Eagle, Albion and Bulwark left Malta with the Helicopter Carriers H.M.S. Ocean and Theseus.
October 31, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- The United Kingdom and France begin bombing Egypt to force the reopening of the Suez Canal.
October 31, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower praised the promise by Moscow made the previous day of major concessions to Hungarians in revolt as "the dawning of a new day" in Eastern Europe.
November
November 1, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- An emergency special session of the UN is; the same day Nasser requests diplomatic assistance from the U.S., without requesting the same from the Soviet Union.
November 2, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- UN Assembly finally approves a cease-fire plan for Suez.
November 2, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- F4U-7 Corsairs from the 14.F and 15.F Aéronavale taking off from the French carriers Arromanches and La Fayette, attacked the Cairo aerodrome.
November 4, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- More Soviet troops invade Hungary to crush the revolt. Thousands are killed, more are wounded, and nearly a quarter million leave the country. Imre Nagy gets asylum in the Yugoslavian Embassy.
November 4-9, 1956: Cold War- The Hungarian Army put up sporadic and disorganized resistance, with Marshal Zhukov reporting the disarming of twelve divisions, two armored regiments, and the entire Hungarian Air Force. The Hungarian Army continued its most formidable resistance in various districts of Budapest and in and around the city of Pécs in the Mecsek Mountains, and in the industrial center of Dunaújváros.
November 5, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- British and French forces involved in airborne invasion of Egypt .The 3rd Battalion of the British Parachute Regiment dropped at El Gamil Airfield, clearing the area and establishing a secure base for incoming support aircraft and reinforcements.
November 6, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- British Commandos stormed the beaches, using landing craft of World War II landing crafts while French paratroopers jumped over the al-Raswa bridges from Noratlas Nord 2501
November 6, 1956: Vietnam War – United States presidential election, 1956: Republican incumbent Dwight D. Eisenhower defeats Democrat challenger Adlai E. Stevenson in a rematch of their contest four years earlier.
November 7, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- The United Nations General Assembly adopts a resolution calling for the United Kingdom, France, and Israel to withdraw their troops from Arab lands immediately.
November 7-30, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- In concert with U.S. actions Saudi Arabia started an oil embargo against Britain and France. The U.S. refused to fill the gap until Britain and France agreed to a rapid withdrawal. The other NATO members refused to sell oil they received from Arab nations to Britain or France
November 9, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Fighting ends in Hungary with Soviet Union and East German forces taking control of the country..
November 13, 1956: Civil Rights- The United States Supreme Court declares Alabama and Montgomery, Alabama laws requiring segregated buses illegal, thus ending the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
November 20, 1956: Cold War- In Yugoslavia, former prime minister Milovan Djilas is arrested after he criticizes Josip Broz Tito.
November 22, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- In spite of a written safe conduct of free passage by János Kádár, on 22 November, Nagy is arrested by the Soviet forces as he is leaving the Yugoslav Embassy, and taken to Snagov, Romania.
November 22, 1956: News- Sport- The 1956 Summer Olympics begin in Melbourne, Australia.
November 23, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- The Suez Crisis causes petrol rationing in Britain.
November 25, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Egypt begins to expel British, French, and Zionist residents.
November 28, 1956: News- Music & Movies – Roger Vadim's drama film And God Created Woman released in France (as Et Dieu… créa la femme) propels Brigitte Bardot into the public spotlight as a "sex kitten".
November 29, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Tripartite Invasion is officially ended under pressure from UN.
December, 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- Thousands of Hungarians flee the country and ask for exile to Austria.
December 2, 1956: Americas-Cuban Crisis- The Yacht Granma with Fidel Castro and other 81 revolutionaries arrived in Cuba.
December
December 5, 1956: Americas-Cuban Crisis- Only twenty of the men on the Granma have escaped from bloody fighting’s with Batista’s army and succeeded in fleeing in the Sierra Maestra Mountains. The group of survivors included Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Raúl Castro, and Camilo Cienfuegos.
December, 6 1956: Cold War- Hungarian Revolution- While making air patrol missions over the Austrian-Hungarian border a couple of Soviet MiG15s invade the Austrian airspace and are attacked by Austrian Me262 with former Luftwaffe WWII pilots on board.
December 20, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Israel refuses to return Gaza to Egypt.
December 24, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- British and French troops depart Egypt.
December 28, 1956: Middle East- Suez Crisis- Operation to clear sunken ship in Suez Canal starts.
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