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Ali Bey tried to reconstruct the Mamluk state that controlled Egypt back in 1517 and nearly did so. But the Ottomans stirred up distrust between him and his commander Abu al-Dhahab and was finally defeated in 1772-1773.
What if Ali Bey's Egypt seceded from the Ottoman Empire and took a large chunk of territory with it including Syria and the Hejaz? How strong would this Mamluk state be, how would the Europeans react, and how would it deal with the famine that struck Egypt in 1783?