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alternatehistory.com
The first instance of "one country two system" in Chinese history was the Lanfang Republic which lasted from 1777 to 1884. The Lanfang Republic (Chinese: 蘭芳共和國; pinyin: Lánfāng Gònghéguó; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lân-phang Kiōng-hô-kok) was a Chinese state in West Kalimantan in Indonesia that was established by a Hakka Chinese named Luo Fangbo (羅芳伯) in 1777, until it was ended by Dutch occupation in 1884.