OGAS was an attempt, or more accurately one of a series of attempts, to create an information network similar to the Internet in the Soviet Union. However, the network, which would have been aimed at assisting central economic control, drew the ire of Vasily Garbuzov of the Ministry of Finance, who refused its funding, eventually leading to the project's shutdown in 1972.
What if Garbuzov had not been so jealous about it and had actually authorized funding? What would a fully-developed OGAS look like? What ramifications would it have on the Soviet Union?
It wasn't just Garbuzov, though he was one of the big opponents. There was widespread fear that the development of the cybernetic economy would make it easier for the Politburo to shut down departments it decided was obsolete. Or for that matter, that departments would be weakened in negotiations with the bodies that oversaw them if all their information were readily accessible. So the various departments were interested in developing specialist computer systems that were as incompatible as possible with the computers of the other departments as a means of protecting their independence and existence.
As such, the most beneficial effects of the OGAS program being implemented would be that it was able to be implemented, since
something would need to happen to enable the center to impose itself over the urges of the bureaucrats to defend their little patches.
Unfortunately one of the main problems the Soviets had was 'rubbish in, rubbish out'. When your advancement, or even just maintaining your position, within the system is dependent on meeting centrally set goals it's an incredibly large incentive to game the system or outright cheat. I can remember reading about one of the senior Soviet leaders asking Gorbachev for the real economic figures, not the ones published in public or for most of the government, and effectively being rebuffed.
The story, as I remember it, is Gorbachev was asking Andropov (who was leader at the time) for the real numbers and being rebuffed.
And one of the reasons why the Soviets were attracted to the cybernetic economy was as a means of taking power away from the people pushing garbage into the information stream. By automating the reporting of information, there'd be less room for fabrication.
Of course, if that works it brings the Soviet planners face to face with the simple fact that the system was not working and the corruption within it was allowing people to fudge their way around the intractable problems. This may cause the Soviet economy to tear itself apart as it tries to reform earlier than OTL or it may result in the central planners being able to target their patches to the economy at where there would be the most benefit for the least cost, allowing the system to improve.
fasquardon