Britain in the 1775-83 war, Spain in 1819 (Florida), and France in the quasi-war.
The British "kinda gave up" in 1883 after losing not one but two armies in the field (Burgoyne's at Saratoga and Cornwallis' at Yorktown); that's not giving up, that's outright military defeat, not once but twice, including the complete loss of two field armies.
1812-15 was a mutual combat sort of situation, but the British lost at Baltimore/Hampstead Hill, Plattsburgh/Lake Champlain, and New Orleans...not exactly minor setbacks.
The Spanish basically didn't even contest the loss of Florida in 1819.
So, yeah, I think there's two European powers, right there.
The point being, no European power could generate, deploy, and sustain the combat forces necessary to prevail over an American power (the US, or any other, for that matter) by the Nineteenth Century, as the history of the United States, all the Latin American republics that gained their independence from Spain, and Portgual makes clear.
The two times a European power tried to re-impose rule over an Western Hemisphere nation in the Nineteenth Century (France in Mexico and Spain in the Dominican Republic, both in the 1860s), they both lost.
Time and distance.
Best,